Thallium Poisoning from Eating Contaminated Cake — Iraq, 2008

• Published in: MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 2008-09, Vol.57 (37), p.1015-1018
• Main Authors: Al-Mashhadani, Z, Al-Fatlawy, A, Abu Nawas, K, Al-Nsour, M, Hijawi, B, Belbeisi, A, Sharqawi, R, Juma', I, Hamaid, S, Al-Saqa, E, Al-Amouri, F, Hameedi, S, Sbeitan, S, Mohammed, L, Jaghbeer, M, Al-Gasseer, N, Mekki, O, Ghanem, B, Adel Mohsin, A, Badar Musa, H, Saloom, A, Al-Alai, A, Thomas, S, Vale, A, Sheehan, T, Bradberry, S, Gerber, R
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Alopecia - chemically induced; Antidotes - therapeutic use; Cake decorating; Casualties; Child; Child, Preschool; Complications and side effects; Disease Outbreaks; Diseases; Fatal Outcome; Fathers; Female; Ferrocyanides - therapeutic use; Food contamination; Food poisoning; Foodborne Diseases - diagnosis; Foodborne Diseases - drug therapy; Foodborne Diseases - epidemiology; Hair; Health aspects; Humans; Ingestion; Investigations; Iraq - epidemiology; Male; Neurologic manifestations; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - chemically induced; Poisoning; Symptoms; Thallium; Thallium - poisoning; Toxicity
• ISSN: 0149-2195; 1545-861X

Thallium is an odorless, tasteless, heavy metal formerly used in rodenticides and still used in some manufacturing processes (e.g., electronics, pharmaceuticals, and glass). Thallium also has been used for intentional poisonings. Acute thallium poisoning produces gastrointestinal symptoms and signs, such as vomiting and acute abdominal pain, in the first few hours after ingestion, and initially is indistinguishable from other causes of acute gastrointestinal toxicity. However, within several days of ingestion, acute thallium poisoning often produces neurologic symptoms, such as extreme pain and acute muscle weakness ascending from the lower extremities, consistent with heavy metal toxicity. On January 22, 2008, 10 of 12 members in two families in Baghdad, Iraq, developed gastrointestinal symptoms; four of those 10 persons subsequently died from acute thallium poisoning, and five developed neurologic symptoms but survived. The Jordan Field Epidemiology Training Program investigated this cluster at the request of the World Health Organization (WHO) representative in Iraq. The preliminary investigation indicated this was an intentional poisoning, and law enforcement officials began a criminal investigation. Physicians who see the sudden onset of painful peripheral neuropathy and hair loss in patients should consider the possibility of thallium poisoning.