Hydroponic screening for metal resistance and accumulation of cadmium and zinc in twenty clones of willows and poplars

• Published in: Environmental pollution (1987) 2007-07, Vol.148 (1), p.155-165
• Main Authors: Dos Santos Utmazian, Maria Noel, Wieshammer, Gerlinde, Vega, Rosa, Wenzel, Walter W.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Applied sciences; bioaccumulation; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biological and medical sciences; Biomass; Biotechnology; Cadmium; Cadmium - analysis; Cadmium - metabolism; clones; Cloning, Organism; Copper - analysis; Copper - metabolism; Decontamination. Miscellaneous; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics; Environment and pollution; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Exact sciences and technology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Hazardous Waste; heavy metals; Hydroponics; hyperaccumulators; Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects; Lead - analysis; Lead - metabolism; leaves; metal tolerance; Metals, Heavy - analysis; Metals, Heavy - metabolism; Mining; Miscellaneous; Phytoremediation; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Plant Roots - chemistry; polluted soils; Pollution; Pollution, environment geology; Populus; Populus - chemistry; Populus - genetics; Populus - metabolism; roots; Salix; Salix - chemistry; Salix - genetics; Salix - metabolism; Salix burjatica; Salix fragilis; Salix matsudana; Salix purpurea; Salix smithiana; screening; Soil and sediments pollution; Soil Pollutants - analysis; Soil Pollutants - metabolism; soil pollution; trees; Zinc; Zinc - analysis; Zinc - metabolism
• ISSN: 0269-7491; 1873-6424
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.045

We screened 20 different clones of willow and poplar species in hydroponic experiments for their metal resistance and accumulation properties. Plants were exposed for 4 weeks either to single additions of (μM) 4.45 Cd or 76.5 Zn, or a metal cocktail containing the same amounts of Cd and Zn along with 7.87 Cu and 24.1 Pb. Plant biomass, metal tolerance and metal accumulation pattern in roots and leaves varied greatly between clones. The leaf:root ratio of metal concentrations was clearly underestimated compared to soil experiments. The largest metal concentrations in leaves were detected in Salix dasyclados (315 mg Cd kg −1 d.m.) and a Salix smithiana clone (3180 mg Zn kg −1 d.m.) but these species showed low metal tolerance. In spite of smaller Cd and Zn concentrations, the metal-tolerant clones Salix matsudana, Salix fragilis-1, and Salix purpurea-1 hold promise for phytoextraction as they produced large biomass and metal contents in leaves. Hydroponically grown willows and poplar clones accumulate up to (mg kg −1 d.w.) 315 Cd and 3180 Zn in leaves.