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Natural Insecticides from Hippocratea Excelsa and Hippocratea Celastroides

Hippocratea excelsa and Hippocratea celastroides have therapeutic and insecticide applications in Mexican traditional medicine. The toxicity of H. excelsa root cortex has been previously demonstrated against the stored grain pest Sitophilus zeamais. To identify the active compounds, several extracts...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Economic botany 2003-01, Vol.57 (1), p.54-64
Main Authors: Reyes-Chilpa, R, Jimenez-Estrada, M, Cristobal-Telesforo, E, Torres-ColIn, L, Villavicencio, MA, Perez-Escandon, B E, Mercado-Gonzalez, R
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Hippocratea excelsa and Hippocratea celastroides have therapeutic and insecticide applications in Mexican traditional medicine. The toxicity of H. excelsa root cortex has been previously demonstrated against the stored grain pest Sitophilus zeamais. To identify the active compounds, several extracts (petroleum ether, CH2Cl2, acetone, methanol, and water) and compounds were obtained from the roots, and tested (1% w/w) with a force-feeding assay against S. zeamais. All H. excelsa extracts showed high antifeedant activity, and elicited moderate mortality. The triterpenoid pristimerin and a mixture of sesquiterpene evoninoate alkaloids, isolated from the hexane and methanol extracts, respectively, strongly reduced the insect feeding capacity. Other triterpenoids (friedelin, beta -sitosterol, canophyllol) isolated from the hexane extract, and the alditol galactitol obtained from the water extract, were innocuous or its activity was not statistically significant. The organic extracts from H. celastroides only showed moderate antifeedant activity, while the water extract was innocuous. Galactitol was also obtained from this extract.Original Abstract: A las plantas citadas, se les atribuye en Mexico propiedades medicinales e insecticidas. Estudios previos han demostrado que las raices (corteza) de Hippocratea excelsa poseen actividad insecticida contra la plaga de granos almacenados Sithophilus zeamais. Para identificar las substancias activas de las raices, se obtuvieron diversos extractos (eter de petroleo, CH2Cl2, acetona, metanol y agua) y compuestos; estos fueron ensayados mediante pruebas de alimentacion obligada (1% p/p) con S. zeamais. Todos los extractos de H. excelsa redujeron drasticamente la alimentacion e incrementaron moderadamente la mortalidad. De los extractos de hexano y metanol se aislaron el triterpeno pristimerina y una mezcla de alcaloides sesquiterpenicos, respectivamente; dichas substancias presentaron actividad antialimentaria alta. Otros triterpenoides aislados del extracto hexanico (friedelina, beta -sitosterol, canofilol) y el alditol galactitol obtenido del extracto acuoso resultaron inocuos, o bien, su actividad no fue significativa estadisticamente. Los extractos organicos de H. celastroides presentaron actividad antialimentaria moderada, en tanto el extracto acuoso resulto inocuo. De dicho extracto tambien se obtuvo galactitol.
ISSN:0013-0001
DOI:10.1043/0013-0001(2003)057(0054:NIFHEA)2.0.CO;2