Study of the upper airway of obstructive sleep apnea patient using fluid structure interaction

• Published in: Respiratory physiology & neurobiology 2018-02, Vol.249, p.54-61
• Main Authors: Liu, Yang, Mitchell, Jennifer, Chen, Yitung, Yim, Woosoon, Chu, Wenxiao, Wang, Robert C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Computational fluid dynamics; Fluid-structure interaction; Obstructive sleep apnea; Simulation; Upper airway
• ISSN: 1569-9048; 1878-1519
• DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.01.005

•3-D FSI was applied to model one specific patient’s upper airway to identifying the precise location of the obstruction.•Areas prone to collapse were identified at the tip of the soft palate and the base of the tongue, with intrathoracic pressure -1370 Pa•Completely model the whole upper airway without the nasal cavity, and can allow virtual modification prior to actual treatment. Up to 14% of the U.S. population is estimated to have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), while the outcomes of the treatments have variable results. In the current study, a three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction modeling was applied to simulate the upper airway to identify the precise location, severity, and characteristic of airway collapse. This was accomplished using Simpleware® and ANSYS® software applied to a 3-D rendering of the airway in a real patient with severe OSA. During this simulation, areas which are prone to collapse and precipitate apneic episodes were identified at the tip of the soft palate and the base of the tongue, with intrathoracic pressure as low as −1370 Pa. These results are consistent with anatomical structures currently indicated and targeted in the treatment of OSA. This improved FSI modeling simulation, which is the first to completely model the whole upper airway without consideration of the nasal cavity in OSA, and can allow virtual modification of the airway prior to actual treatment by doctors.