Oral bacterial colonization on dental implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments: 6-month follow-up

• Published in: Clinical oral investigations 2018-07, Vol.22 (6), p.2335-2343
• Main Authors: de Freitas, Alice Ramos, Silva, Thalisson Saymo de Oliveira, Ribeiro, Ricardo Faria, de Albuquerque Junior, Rubens Ferreira, Pedrazzi, Vinícius, do Nascimento, Cássio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bacteria; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Brazil; Colonization; Dental Abutments - microbiology; Dental implants; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth - microbiology; Dental Materials - chemistry; Dental prosthetics; Dental restorative materials; Dentistry; Female; Genera; Genotype; Genotypes; Humans; Male; Medicine; Microbiomes; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Original Article; rRNA 16S; Surface Properties; Taxonomy; Teeth; Titanium; Titanium - chemistry; Transplants & implants; Zirconia; Zirconium - chemistry
• ISSN: 1432-6981; 1436-3771
• DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2334-0

Objective This investigation aimed to characterize in a 6-month follow-up the microbial profile of implants restored with either titanium or zirconia abutments at the genus or higher taxonomic levels. Methods Twenty healthy individuals indicative for implant-retained single restorations were investigated. Half of participants were restored with titanium and half with zirconia abutments. Biofilm was collected from the implant-related sites after 1, 3, and 6 months of loading. The 16S rDNA genes were amplified and sequenced with Roche/454 platform. Results A total of 596 species were identified in 360 samples and grouped in 18 phyla and 104 genera. Titanium- or zirconia-related sites as well as teeth showed similar total numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) colonizing surfaces over time. Firmicutes , Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes , and Actinobacteria were the most prevalent phyla with significant differences between different surfaces and time point. Unclassified genera were found in lower levels (1.71% up to 9.57%) on titanium and zirconia samples when compared with teeth, with no significant differences. Conclusion Titanium- and zirconia-related surfaces are promptly colonized by a bacterial community similar to those found in the remaining adjacent teeth. Results suggest a selective adhesion of different bacterial genotypes for either titanium or zirconia surfaces. Data also indicate a significant interaction between the relative effects taxa, time point, and sampling site. Clinical relevance The present study disclosed a wider spectrum of microorganisms colonizing either titanium- or zirconia-related microbiomes in very early stage of implant colonization, revealing differences and suggesting a probably specific mechanism for selective bacterial adhesion.