Evolutionary history of mycorrhizal symbioses and global host plant diversity

The majority of vascular plants are mycorrhizal: 72% are arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), 2.0% are ectomycorrhizal (EcM), 1.5% are ericoid mycorrhizal and 10% are orchid mycorrhizal. Just 8% are completely nonmycorrhizal (NM), whereas 7% have inconsistent NM–AM associations. Most NM and NM–AM plants are...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The New phytologist 2018-12, Vol.220 (4), p.1108-1115
Main Authors: Brundrett, Mark C., Tedersoo, Leho
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic plants
Arbuscular mycorrhizas
Biodiversity
Biodiversity hot spots
Carnivores
Complexity
Cretaceous
Ectomycorrhizas
Epiphytes
evolution
Flowers & plants
habitat specialization
host plant diversity
Host plants
Hydrophytes
mycorrhizal associations
Parasites
Plant diversity
plant nutrition
Plants
Symbiosis
Tansley insight
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Summary:The majority of vascular plants are mycorrhizal: 72% are arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), 2.0% are ectomycorrhizal (EcM), 1.5% are ericoid mycorrhizal and 10% are orchid mycorrhizal. Just 8% are completely nonmycorrhizal (NM), whereas 7% have inconsistent NM–AM associations. Most NM and NM–AM plants are nutritional specialists (e.g. carnivores and parasites) or habitat specialists (e.g. hydrophytes and epiphytes). Mycorrhizal associations are consistent in most families, but there are exceptions with complex roots (e.g. both EcM and AM). We recognize three waves of mycorrhizal evolution, starting with AM in early land plants, continuing in the Cretaceous with multiple new NM or EcM linages, ericoid and orchid mycorrhizas. The third wave, which is recent and ongoing, has resulted in root complexity linked to rapid plant diversification in biodiversity hotspots.
ISSN:0028-646X
1469-8137
DOI:10.1111/nph.14976