Phagocytosis and oxycytosis: two arms of human innate immunity

Human innate immunity operates in two compartments: extravascular (the tissues) and intravascular (the bloodstream). Physical conditions (fluid dynamics) in the compartments are different and, as a result, bactericidal mechanisms and involved cells are different as well. In relatively static media (...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Immunologic research 2018-04, Vol.66 (2), p.271-280
Main Author: Minasyan, Hayk
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergology
Bacteria
Bacteria - immunology
Bacterial Infections - immunology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Compartments
Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes - immunology
Humans
Immunology
Innate immunity
Internal Medicine
Leukocyte migration
Leukocytes (neutrophilic)
Liver
Liver - immunology
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic system
Macrophages
Medicine/Public Health
Monocytes
Original Article
Oxygen - immunology
Oxyhemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobins - immunology
Phagocytes
Phagocytes - immunology
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis - immunology
Spleen
Spleen - immunology
Tissues
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Summary:Human innate immunity operates in two compartments: extravascular (the tissues) and intravascular (the bloodstream). Physical conditions (fluid dynamics) in the compartments are different and, as a result, bactericidal mechanisms and involved cells are different as well. In relatively static media (the tissues, lymph nodes), bacteria are killed by phagocytes; in dynamic media (the bloodstream), bacteria are killed by erythrocytes. In the tissues and lymph nodes, resident macrophages and transmigrated from blood leukocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) recognize, engulf, kill, and digest bacteria; the clearance of the bloodstream from bacteria is performed by oxycytosis: erythrocytes catch bacteria by electric charge attraction and kill them by the oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin. Killed by erythrocytes, bacteria are decomposed and digested in the liver and the spleen. Phagocytosis by leukocytes in the tissues and oxycytosis by erythrocytes in the bloodstream are the main bactericidal mechanisms of human innate immunity.
ISSN:0257-277X
1559-0755
DOI:10.1007/s12026-018-8988-5