The Wessex modified Richmond Sedation Scale as a novel tool for monitoring patients at risk of malignant MCA syndrome

• Published in: Acta neurochirurgica 2018-06, Vol.160 (6), p.1115-1119
• Main Authors: Hayat, Tayyib T. A., Myers, Matthew A., Hell, John, Cordingly, Matthew, Bulters, Diederik O., Weir, Nicolas, Pengas, George
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia; Coma; Consciousness; Decompression, Surgical; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery - pathology; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery - surgery; Interventional Radiology; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Minimally Invasive Surgery; Monitoring, Physiologic - methods; Neurology; Neuroradiology; Neurosurgery; Original Article - Vascular; Stroke; Surgery; Surgical instruments; Surgical Orthopedics
• ISSN: 0001-6268; 0942-0940
• DOI: 10.1007/s00701-018-3531-y

Background The Wessex Modified Richmond Sedation Scale (WMRSS) has been developed with the aim of improving the early identification of patients requiring decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery syndrome (MMS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the WMRSS against the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Methods A retrospective study was conducted of patients admitted to our unit for observation of MMS. Data were obtained on WMRSS and GCS recordings from admission up to 120-h post-ictus. Patients’ meeting inclusion criteria were recommended for theatre based on subsequent deteriorations in consciousness on either WMRSS or GCS from a 6-h post-stroke baseline, after ruling out non-neurological causes. Results Approximately, 60% of those eligible for monitoring were not recommended for theatre, and none died; however, these patients continued to demonstrate some variability in recorded conscious level. Patients requiring surgical intervention showed earlier drops in WMRSS compared to GCS. Neither the GCS nor the WMRSS on admission predicted the subsequent need for decompressive surgery. There was no increase in mortality with the introduction of WMRSS. Conclusions WMRSS adds value to monitoring MMS by indicating need for surgery prior to GCS. Early reduction in consciousness may not be sufficient for proceeding to surgical intervention, but subsequent reduction in consciousness may be a more appropriate criterion for surgery.