Effects of 6 vs 3 eucaloric meal patterns on glycaemic control and satiety in people with impaired glucose tolerance or overt type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial

• Published in: Diabetes & metabolism 2018-06, Vol.44 (3), p.226-234
• Main Authors: Papakonstantinou, E., Kontogianni, M.D., Mitrou, P., Magriplis, E., Vassiliadi, D., Nomikos, T., Lambadiari, V., Georgousopoulou, E., Dimitriadis, G.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Body Mass Index; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diet therapy; Female; Glucose; Glucose Intolerance - blood; Glucose Intolerance - diet therapy; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Impaired glucose tolerance; Insulin; Insulin - blood; Insulin Resistance - physiology; Male; Meal frequency; Meals; Middle Aged; Postprandial Period - physiology; Satiety Response - physiology; Treatment Outcome; Type 2 diabetes
• ISSN: 1262-3636; 1878-1780
• DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2018.03.008

The study aimed to compare the effects of two eucaloric meal patterns (3 vs 6 meals/day) on glycaemic control and satiety in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and plasma glucose (PG) levels 140–199mg/dL at 120min (IGT-A) or PG levels 140–199mg/dL at 120min and >200mg/dL at 30/60/90min post-oral glucose load on 75-g OGTT (IGT-B), or overt treatment-naïve type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this randomized crossover study, subjects with IGT-A (n=15, BMI: 32.4±5.2kg/m2), IGT-B (n=20, BMI: 32.5±5kg/m2) or T2D (n=12, BMI: 32.2±5.2kg/m2) followed a weight-maintenance diet (45% carbohydrates, 20% proteins, 35% fats) in 3 or 6 meals/day (each intervention lasting 12 weeks). Anthropometrics, diet compliance and subjective appetite were assessed every 2 weeks. OGTT and measurements of HbA1c and plasma lipids were performed at the beginning and end of each intervention period. Body weight and physical activity levels remained stable throughout the study. In T2D, HbA1c and PG at 120min post-OGTT decreased with 6 vs 3 meals (P