A systematic review of effort‐reward imbalance among health workers

Summary The purpose of this article is to systematically collate effort‐reward imbalance (ERI) rates among health workers internationally and to assess gender differences. The effort‐reward (ER) ratio ranges quite widely from 0.47 up to 1.32 and the ERI rate from 3.5% to 80.7%. Many studies suggeste...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The International journal of health planning and management 2018-07, Vol.33 (3), p.e674-e695
Main Authors: Nguyen Van, Huy, Dinh Le, Mai, Nguyen Van, Thanh, Nguyen Ngoc, Dung, Tran Thi Ngoc, Anh, Nguyen The, Phuong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
effort‐reward (ER)
effort‐reward imbalance (ERI)
Gender
Gender aspects
Gender differences
Gender roles
Health care
health workers
Human resources
human resources for health
Imbalance
Insecurity
Medical personnel
Public health
Reinforcement
Seniority
Sex differences
Systematic review
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Summary:Summary The purpose of this article is to systematically collate effort‐reward imbalance (ERI) rates among health workers internationally and to assess gender differences. The effort‐reward (ER) ratio ranges quite widely from 0.47 up to 1.32 and the ERI rate from 3.5% to 80.7%. Many studies suggested that health workers contribute more than they are rewarded, especially in Japan, Vietnam, Greece, and Germany—with ERI rates of 57.1%, 32.3%, 80.7%, and 22.8% to 27.6%, respectively. Institutions can utilize systems such as the new appraisal and reward system, which is based on performance rather than the traditional system, seniority, which creates a more competitive working climate and generates insecurity. Additionally, an increased workload and short stay patients are realities for workers in a health care environment, while the structure of human resources for health care remains inadequate. Gender differences within the ER ratio can be explained by the continued impact of traditional gender roles on attitudes and motivations that place more pressure to succeed for men rather than for women. This systematic review provides some valued evidence for public health strategies to improve the ER balance among health workers in general as well as between genders in particular. An innovative approach for managing human resources for health care is necessary to motivate and value contributions made by health workers.
ISSN:0749-6753
1099-1751
DOI:10.1002/hpm.2541