From skeletal development to the creation of pluripotent stem cell-derived bone-forming progenitors

Bone has many functions. It is responsible for protecting the underlying soft organs, it allows locomotion, houses the bone marrow and stores minerals such as calcium and phosphate. Upon damage, bone tissue can efficiently repair itself. However, healing is hampered if the defect exceeds a critical...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences 2018-07, Vol.373 (1750), p.20170218-20170218
Main Authors: Tam, Wai Long, Luyten, Frank P., Roberts, Scott J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biocompatibility
Biomedical materials
Bone Formation
Bone growth
Bone healing
Bone marrow
Bone Tissue Engineering
Bones
Calcium
Calcium phosphates
Chondrocyte
Differentiation
Embryos
Forming
Growth factors
Housing
Locomotion
Mesenchymal Stem Cell
Minerals
Organs
Osteoblast
Osteogenesis
Osteoprogenitor cells
Pluripotency
Pluripotent Stem Cell
Repair
Residential areas
Review
Signal transduction
Stem cells
Tissue engineering
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Summary:Bone has many functions. It is responsible for protecting the underlying soft organs, it allows locomotion, houses the bone marrow and stores minerals such as calcium and phosphate. Upon damage, bone tissue can efficiently repair itself. However, healing is hampered if the defect exceeds a critical size and/or is in compromised conditions. The isolation or generation of bone-forming progenitors has applicability to skeletal repair and may be used in tissue engineering approaches. Traditionally, bone engineering uses osteochondrogenic stem cells, which are combined with scaffold materials and growth factors. Despite promising preclinical data, limited translation towards the clinic has been observed to date. There may be several reasons for this including the lack of robust cell populations with favourable proliferative and differentiation capacities. However, perhaps the most pertinent reason is the failure to produce an implant that can replicate the developmental programme that is observed during skeletal repair. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can potentially offer a solution for bone tissue engineering by providing unlimited cell sources at various stages of differentiation. In this review, we summarize key embryonic signalling pathways in bone formation coupled with PSC differentiation strategies for the derivation of bone-forming progenitors. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you’.
ISSN:0962-8436
1471-2970
DOI:10.1098/rstb.2017.0218