Specific associations of neurosecretory and neuromodulatory axons with insect skeletal muscles

The general process of neuromodulation in the skeletal muscles of various insects is accomplished via several different structural forms. In addition to motor axons, which may contain a modulatory substance as a co-transmitter, a second class of axons is found in close association with insect skelet...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American zoologist 1995-12, Vol.35 (6), p.566-577
Main Author: Rheuben, M.B. (Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI)
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Axons
Drosophila
Innervation
INSECTA
Insects
Invertebrate Neuromuscular Organization: Peripheral Contributions to Behavioral Variability
Locusts
MUSCLE
MUSCLES
Muscular system
MUSCULOS
Nerves
NERVOUS SYSTEM
NEUROFISIOLOGIA
Neuroglia
NEUROMODULATION
Neurons
NEUROPHYSIOLOGIE
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
NEUROSECRETION
NEUROTRANSMETTEUR
NEUROTRANSMISORES
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
SECRECION
SECRETION
SISTEMA NERVIOSO
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal system
Synapses
SYSTEME NERVEUX
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Summary:The general process of neuromodulation in the skeletal muscles of various insects is accomplished via several different structural forms. In addition to motor axons, which may contain a modulatory substance as a co-transmitter, a second class of axons is found in close association with insect skeletal muscles. These axons typically contain dense cored vesicles. Some come directly into contact with the sarcolemma, but do not form a typical neuromuscular junction. Others have finely distributed branches within the muscle but only directly contact glial cells of the motor nerve branches. Immunocytochemistry has shown that these nerve types contain one or more of several potential transmitters: glutamate, octopamine, serotonin, leucokinin, proctolin, or insulin. While some of these substances are known to modulate muscle fiber contractile abilities directly, or to affect the mechanisms of neuromuscular transmission, others can be hypothesized to be involved in development, respiration, and other undiscovered functions.
ISSN:0003-1569
1540-7063
2162-4445
1557-7023
DOI:10.1093/icb/35.6.566