Dietary Micronutrients Promote Neuronal Differentiation by Modulating the Mitochondrial‐Nuclear Dialogue

The metabolic requirements of differentiated neurons are significantly different from that of neuronal precursor and neural stem cells. While a re‐programming of metabolism is tightly coupled to the neuronal differentiation process, whether shifts in mitochondrial mass, glycolysis, and oxidative pho...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BioEssays 2018-07, Vol.40 (7), p.e1800051-n/a
Main Authors: Xie, Kui, Sheppard, Allan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Axonogenesis
Brain
Cell Differentiation - drug effects
Cell Nucleus - genetics
Diet
Differentiation
Energy metabolism
Epidemiology
Epigenesis, Genetic
epigenetics
Gene expression
Glycolysis
Humans
Kinases
metabolic re‐programming
Metabolism
Micronutrients
Micronutrients - administration & dosage
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - genetics
Neonates
Neural stem cells
Neural Stem Cells - drug effects
neuronal differentiation
Neurons - cytology
Neurons - drug effects
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation - drug effects
Phosphorylation
Signal Transduction - drug effects
Signaling
Stem cell transplantation
Stem cells
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Summary:The metabolic requirements of differentiated neurons are significantly different from that of neuronal precursor and neural stem cells. While a re‐programming of metabolism is tightly coupled to the neuronal differentiation process, whether shifts in mitochondrial mass, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation are required (or merely consequential) in differentiation is not yet certain. In addition to providing more energy, enhanced metabolism facilitates differentiation by supporting increased neurotransmitter signaling and underpinning epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Both epidemiological and animal studies demonstrate that micronutrients (MNs) significantly influence many aspects of neonatal brain development, particularly neural migration and survival, neurite outgrowth, and process maturation. Here we review recent insights into the importance of metabolic reprogramming in neuronal differentiation, before considering evidence that micronutrient signaling may be key to regulating these processes. Dietary micronutrients promote metabolic reprogramming and this neuronal differentiation. Shifts in mitochondrial metabolism generate biochemical modulators acting on nuclear epigenetics and transcriptomic activity, supporting maturation.
ISSN:0265-9247
1521-1878
DOI:10.1002/bies.201800051