Canine distemper virus active infection in order Pilosa, family Myrmecophagidae, species Tamandua tetradactyla

• Published in: Veterinary microbiology 2018-07, Vol.220, p.7-11
• Main Authors: Lunardi, Michele, Darold, Gabriela Molinari, Amude, Alexandre Mendes, Headley, Selwyn Arlington, Sonne, Luciana, Yamauchi, Kelly Cristiane Ito, Boabaid, Fabiana Marques, Alfieri, Alice Fernandes, Alfieri, Amauri Alcindo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal diseases; Canine distemper; Canine morbillivirus; CD150 antigen; Dogs; Genomes; Hemagglutinin; Hemagglutinins; Immunohistochemistry; Infections; Myrmecophagidae; Neural coding; Nucleocapsid; Nucleocapsids; Pathogens; Phylogeny; Pilosa; Proteins; Southern tamandua; Strain; Tamandua tetradactyla; Viruses
• ISSN: 0378-1135; 1873-2542
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.030

•First description of CDV infection in the southern tamandua, Tamandua tetradactyla.•Significant histopathological findings at the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord.•Positive immunoreactivity to CDV antigens in tissues confirmed its participation.•The CDV strain was classified in Europe 1 clade of Europe 1/South America 1 lineage.•specific polymorphisms at residues 530 and 549 of H gene were not detected. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease pathogen which causes disease in the domestic dog and species classified in the Canidae, Procyonidae, Mustelidae, Hyaenidae, Ursidae, Viveridae, Felidae, Tayassuidae, and Cercopithecidae families. A combined strategy that involved the direct sequencing of amplicons from genes coding for nucleocapsid, large polymerase, and hemagglutinin proteins of CDV, as well as the pathological findings and the immunohistochemical detection of viral nucleocapsid protein in diverse tissues, confirmed the participation of CDV in the development of a neurological disease in a southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) from Midwestern Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hemagglutinin gene sequences revealed that the strain from this study grouped with isolates from the Europe 1/South America 1 lineage. The specific polymorphisms at the SLAM receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin gene, previously linked to disease emergence in novel hosts, were not detected in this genome. These findings represent the first description of CDV-induced infection in the Tamandua tetradactyla and extend the distribution of this infection to include members of the family Myrmecophagidae, order Pilosa.