Validity of Skin, Oral and Tympanic Temperatures During Exercise in the Heat: Effects of Wind and Sweat

This experiment investigates the validity of six thermometers with different measuring sensors, operation and site of application, to estimate core temperature ( T c ) in comparison to an ingestible thermometric sensor based on quartz crystal technology. Measurements were obtained before, during and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of biomedical engineering 2019-01, Vol.47 (1), p.317-331
Main Authors: Morán-Navarro, Ricardo, Courel-Ibáñez, Javier, Martínez-Cava, Alejandro, Conesa-Ros, Elena, Sánchez-Pay, Alejandro, Mora-Rodriguez, Ricardo, Pallarés, Jesús G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biochemistry
Biological and Medical Physics
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Biomedicine
Biophysics
Classical Mechanics
Heat
Physical training
Quartz crystals
Skin
Sweat
Sweating
Thermometers
Validity
Wind
Wind effects
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Summary:This experiment investigates the validity of six thermometers with different measuring sensors, operation and site of application, to estimate core temperature ( T c ) in comparison to an ingestible thermometric sensor based on quartz crystal technology. Measurements were obtained before, during and after exercise in the heat, controlling the presence of air-cooling and skin sweating. Twelve well-trained men swallowed the ingestible thermometer 6 h before the trial. After pre-exercise resting measurements at 20 °C, subjects entered a heat chamber held at 40 °C. Exercise in the heat consisted of 60 min of pedalling on cycle ergometer at 90% of the individually determined first ventilatory threshold. Results reveal that wind and skin sweat invalidate the use of skin infrared thermometry to estimate T c during exercise in the heat. However, better T c estimations were obtained in wind-restricted situations. We detected important differences between same-technology devices but different models and brands. In conclusion, there are important limitations to assess T c accurately using non-invasive thermometers during and after exercise in the heat. Because some devices showed better validity than others did, we recommended using tympanic Braun ® , and non-contact skin infrared Medisana ® or Visiofocus ® in wind-restricted and no sweat conditions to estimate T c during exercise in the heat.
ISSN:0090-6964
1573-9686
DOI:10.1007/s10439-018-02115-x