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Current Status of Invasive Alien Birch-Leafmining Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Canada, with Keys to Species
In the 20th century, five species of birch-leafmining sawflies were inadvertently introduced from Europe to North America: Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fallén), Fenusa pumila Leach, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow), Fenusella nana (Klug), and Scolioneura vicina Konow. All have been recorded at outbreak levels...
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Published in: | Canadian entomologist 2009-06, Vol.141 (3), p.201-235 |
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container_title | Canadian entomologist |
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creator | Digweed, Scott C. MacQuarrie, Chris J.K. Langor, David W. Williams, Daryl J.M. Spence, John R. Nystrom, Kathryn L. Morneau, Louis |
description | In the 20th century, five species of birch-leafmining sawflies were inadvertently introduced from Europe to North America: Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fallén), Fenusa pumila Leach, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow), Fenusella nana (Klug), and Scolioneura vicina Konow. All have been recorded at outbreak levels in North America, and three (F. pumila, P. thomsoni, and H. nemoratus) have been the targets of successful biological control programs. The most recently detected species, F. nana and S. vicina, are good candidates for future biological control in Canada. We review the biology of all five of these birch-leafmining sawflies in North America and present keys to adults, larvae, and mines to aid correct identification. |
doi_str_mv | 10.4039/n09-003 |
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All have been recorded at outbreak levels in North America, and three (F. pumila, P. thomsoni, and H. nemoratus) have been the targets of successful biological control programs. The most recently detected species, F. nana and S. vicina, are good candidates for future biological control in Canada. We review the biology of all five of these birch-leafmining sawflies in North America and present keys to adults, larvae, and mines to aid correct identification.</description><subject>Betula</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological control</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>Entomology</subject><subject>Fenusa</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>geographical distribution</subject><subject>host plants</subject><subject>Hymenoptera</subject><subject>insect biology</subject><subject>insect morphology</subject><subject>insect taxonomy</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>introduced species</subject><subject>invasive species</subject><subject>leafminers</subject><subject>natural enemies</subject><subject>Nonnative species</subject><subject>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</subject><subject>Protozoa. 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subjects | Betula Biological and medical sciences Biological control Control Entomology Fenusa Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology geographical distribution host plants Hymenoptera insect biology insect morphology insect taxonomy Insects introduced species invasive species leafminers natural enemies Nonnative species Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection Protozoa. Invertebrates Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys Review / Synthèse sawflies taxonomic keys Tenthredinidae |
title | Current Status of Invasive Alien Birch-Leafmining Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Canada, with Keys to Species |
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