Prenatal Evaluation for Detection of Anorectal Atresia: Value of Ultrasound

• Published in: Journal of ultrasound in medicine 2019-06, Vol.38 (6), p.1501-1509
• Main Authors: Su, Yi‐Ming, Lin, Yan, Chen, Shu‐Qiang, Yang, Hong‐Yi, Lv, Guo‐Rong, Lin, Jin‐Rong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anal Canal - diagnostic imaging; Anal Canal - embryology; anal canal and rectum; anorectal atresia; Anorectal Malformations - diagnostic imaging; Anorectal Malformations - embryology; Female; fetal ultrasound; Humans; imperforate anus; obstetrics; Pregnancy; prenatal diagnosis; Prospective Studies; Rectum - diagnostic imaging; Rectum - embryology; Reproducibility of Results; Ultrasonography, Prenatal - methods
• ISSN: 0278-4297; 1550-9613
• DOI: 10.1002/jum.14836

Objectives To investigate the applicability and value of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of anorectal atresia. Methods Between January 2008 and January 2016, we prospectively evaluated 63,101 fetuses (gestational age, 20–38 weeks), including low‐ and high‐risk populations using 2‐dimensional US scans. An abnormal imaging finding was defined as an anal canal diameter of less than the 95% confidence interval (small anal canal) of the normal range or the absence of an anal canal and rectum. Imaging findings were considered normal on detection of an anal canal with a normal width and the absence of abnormalities. Prenatal imaging findings were confirmed by a postnatal or postmortem examination. Results Among the investigated fetuses, 28 showed evidence of anorectal atresia on US scans, and 22 of those with anorectal atresia had additional anomalies. Six cases of isolated anorectal atresia were successfully detected during the preclusive prenatal US scans. Four cases of a low imperforate anus (including 2 covered anuses) yielded false‐negative results, indicating a diagnostic rate of 87.5% (28 of 32). The normal appearance of the fetal rectum and anal canal ruled out anorectal atresia in 30 fetuses with a dilated colon. Additionally, there were 3 false‐positive cases, in which a narrow anal canal was observed. Conclusions Identifying the abnormal appearance or absence of the fetal anal canal and rectum on preclusive US anomaly scans is useful for prenatal diagnosis or exclusion of anorectal atresia, which may help improve the detection of isolated anorectal atresia. Furthermore, a combined evaluation of the longitudinal and axial appearances of the fetal anal canal and rectum can improve diagnostic accuracy.