Nivolumab and ipilimumab: immunotherapy for treatment of malignant melanoma

As recently as 10 years ago, a diagnosis of metastatic melanoma was considered fatal, with a prognosis of typically 6 months or less from diagnosis. The development of checkpoint inhibitors, such as ipilimumab and nivolumab, which modulate the effects of the CTLA-4 and PD-1, respectively, has revolu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Future oncology (London, England) England), 2019-02, Vol.15 (4), p.349-358
Main Authors: Carreau, Nicole A, Pavlick, Anna C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adjuvant
Brain cancer
Brand names
Cancer therapies
checkpoint
Chemotherapy
CTLA-4
Cytokines
FDA approval
Gene therapy
Immune system
Immunoglobulins
Immunotherapy
ipilimumab
Ligands
Lymphocytes
Medical prognosis
Melanoma
Metastasis
Monoclonal antibodies
nivolumab
PD-1
Response rates
Skin cancer
Targeted cancer therapy
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Summary:As recently as 10 years ago, a diagnosis of metastatic melanoma was considered fatal, with a prognosis of typically 6 months or less from diagnosis. The development of checkpoint inhibitors, such as ipilimumab and nivolumab, which modulate the effects of the CTLA-4 and PD-1, respectively, has revolutionized outcomes for these patients. Monotherapy improves metastatic disease survival, but dual therapy provides greater benefit with 58% of patients alive at 3 years. Combination immunotherapy is even active in brain metastases. In the adjuvant setting, data show that at 1 year over 70% patients remain disease-free with PD-1 blockade. Immunotherapy is generally safe and well tolerated. However, treatment-related endocrinopathies require long-term medications. Nowadays, advanced cutaneous melanoma is a more manageable disease.
ISSN:1479-6694
1744-8301
DOI:10.2217/fon-2018-0607