Rift valley fever virus infection among livestock handlers in Ibadan, Nigeria

Livestock handlers are occupationally exposed to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) because of frequent and longer contact with mosquito vectors, animal blood and other tissues. We determined the seroprevalence of RVF virus infection among livestock handlers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Blood samples were collec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry 2018-11, Vol.39 (6), p.609-621
Main Authors: Opayele, A.V., Odaibo, G.N., Olaleye, O.D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal tissues
Aquatic insects
Blood
Coccidioidomycosis
Disease transmission
ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Fever
Handlers
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Ibadan
Immunoassays
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin M
Infections
Livestock
Livestock farming
livestock handlers
Nigeria
Occupational exposure
Rift Valley fever
Rift valley fever virus
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Serology
seroprevalence
Statistical analysis
Statistical methods
Vaccination
Vector-borne diseases
Vectors
Viral diseases
Viruses
Workers
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Summary:Livestock handlers are occupationally exposed to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) because of frequent and longer contact with mosquito vectors, animal blood and other tissues. We determined the seroprevalence of RVF virus infection among livestock handlers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 265 workers in two major livestock markets and a livestock farm. Questionnaires were administered to obtain information on risk factors that may be associated with RVF virus transmission. The blood samples were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to detect multispecies anti-RVF virus IgG/IgM and human anti-RVF virus IgM. In total, 14 (5.3%) of the 265 participants tested positive for anti-RVFV IgG. Seropositive individuals were more among livestock keepers (5.6%) than butchers (3.6%). Workers that frequently visited the livestock rearing areas of the northern part of Nigeria had a statistically significant (P = 0.004) higher rate of infection compared to those that did not. Very few (0.8%) of these workers knew about RVF virus while none had been vaccinated against the virus infection. This study indicates that RVF virus continues to circulate sub-clinically in Nigeria, thus the need to educate and vaccinate individuals who are occupationally at risk of infection.
ISSN:1532-1819
1532-4230
DOI:10.1080/15321819.2018.1525739