Survival of hemlock woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae) at low temperatures

The hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand [Homoptera: Adelgidae]) (HWA), a nonnative insect, is a major threat to New England forest and suburban environments, where one of its hosts, eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere, is a dominant native tree species. To determine the potenti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Forest science 1998-08, Vol.44 (3), p.414-420
Main Authors: Parker, B.L. (The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.), Skinner, M, Gouli, S, Ashikaga, T, Teillon, H.B
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ADELGES
ADELGES TSUGAE
Adelgidae
Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Autoecology
Biological and medical sciences
COLD
Demecology
DURACION
DURATION
DUREE
FRIO
FROID
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Geographical regions
Insect control
Low temperature effects
MASSACHUSETTS
OVERWINTERING
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
Plants (botany)
Protozoa. Invertebrata
Protozoa. Invertebrates
Records, symptoms, damages, economic importance, population surveys
RESISTANCE A LA TEMPERATURE
RESISTENCIA A LA TEMPERATURA
SUPERVIVENCIA
SURVIE
SURVIVAL
TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE
TSUGA
TSUGA CANADENSIS
TSUGA CAROLINIANA
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Summary:The hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand [Homoptera: Adelgidae]) (HWA), a nonnative insect, is a major threat to New England forest and suburban environments, where one of its hosts, eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere, is a dominant native tree species. To determine the potential spread of HWA into northern New England, we studied the winter coldhardiness of a northerly population. Sistens were collected at three times during the winter and subjected to temperatures typical of those during winter in the next coldest USDA plant coldhardiness zone. Samples collected in January and February 1996 were subjected to -20, -25, and -30 degrees C; those collected in March to -15, -20, and -25 degrees C; all date-temperature treatments were tested at exposure times of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hr. When all exposure times were combined, the percentage of live adelgids after subzero treatment (adjusted for control mortality at 0 degree C) declined significantly as temperature decreased. In most cases, fewer HWA were alive after treatment as exposure time increased. Significantly more HWA collected in January were alive after treatment than those collected in February and March. This suggests that HWA coldhardiness declines over this time period. When comparing the percentage of live HWA from February and March for -20 and -25 degrees C, a noticeable decline occurred between the February and March sample dates. Although mortality was as high as 95% in one of the most severe treatments (February collection exposed to -30 degrees C for 24 hr), the fact that complete mortality did not occur suggests that HWA may be able to continue to expand its range into areas with colder winters
ISSN:0015-749X
1938-3738
DOI:10.1093/forestscience/44.3.414