Development of quantitative comparative cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays for environmental hazardous chemicals

Mammalian cell asays can provide toxicological information that may be more relevant to human risk asessment than commonly used microbial tests. Rapid, semi-automated, quantitative mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays were developed to analyze drinking water disinfection by-products (...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science and technology 2000-01, Vol.42 (7-8), p.109-116
Main Authors: PLEWA, M. J, KARGALIOGLU, Y, VANKERK, D, MINEAR, R. A, WAGNER, E. D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Analytical methods
Assaying
Bioassay
Biological and medical sciences
By-products
Cells
Contaminants
Contamination
Cytotoxicity
Damage detection
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Disinfection
DNA
DNA damage
Drinking water
Environmental pollutants toxicology
Gel electrophoresis
Gels
Genotoxicity
Impurities
Laboratory equipment
Mammals
Marine biology
Medical sciences
Microorganisms
Ovaries
Policies
Potable water
Public health
Public policy
Risk assessment
Salmonella
Salmonella typhimurium
Toxicity
Toxicology
Water
Water analysis
Water pollution
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Summary:Mammalian cell asays can provide toxicological information that may be more relevant to human risk asessment than commonly used microbial tests. Rapid, semi-automated, quantitative mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays were developed to analyze drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs). These assays employ 96-well microplates; selected DBPs were analyzed with cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The concentration of the DBPs that repressed 50% of CHO cell growth with a 72 h exposure was calculated as the %C1/2 value. Using these values the rank order (from highest to lowest cytotoxicity) was bromonitromethane, dibromonitromethane, tribromonitromethane, bromoacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid, and tribromoacetic acid. Genotoxicity analyses of the DBPs were conducted using the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay. This assay detects genomic DNA damage at the level of the individual nucleus. Using SCGE genotoxic potency the rank order was bromoacetic acid> dibromonitromethane>>bromonitromethane>dibromoacetic acid>tribromoacetic acid. The relative cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of these agents were compared with Salmonella typhimurium. Studies of specific DBPs in mammalian cell systems are important to compare the toxicity of these hazardous water contaminants. Such knowledge is necessary for risk assessment and to assist in the formulation of public regulatory policies that protect the environment and the public health.
ISSN:0273-1223
1996-9732
DOI:10.2166/wst.2000.0558