Evolution of the regulatory mechanisms for the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in vertebrates–hypothesis from a comparative view

[Display omitted] •GnRH, FSH, and LH are important for reproduction in teleosts and mammals.•In mammals, kisspeptin is essential for folliculogenesis as a GnRH/LH pulse generator.•GnRH/LH are dispensable for folliculogenesis in teleosts.•Kisspeptin is not involved in the regulation of GnRH neurons i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:General and comparative endocrinology 2019-12, Vol.284, p.113075-113075, Article 113075
Main Author: Kanda, Shinji
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological Evolution
Evolution
FSH
GnRH
Gonads - physiology
HPG axis
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiology
Kisspeptin
Phylogeny
Reproduction - physiology
Vertebrates - physiology
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Summary:[Display omitted] •GnRH, FSH, and LH are important for reproduction in teleosts and mammals.•In mammals, kisspeptin is essential for folliculogenesis as a GnRH/LH pulse generator.•GnRH/LH are dispensable for folliculogenesis in teleosts.•Kisspeptin is not involved in the regulation of GnRH neurons in teleosts. Reproduction is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in vertebrates. In addition to wealth of knowledge in mammals, recent studies in non-mammalian species, especially teleosts, have provided evidence that some of the components in the HPG axis are conserved in bony vertebrates. On the other hand, from the comparisons of the recent accumulating knowledge between mammals and teleosts, unique characteristics of the regulatory system in each group have been unveiled. A hypophysiotropic neurotransmitter/hormone, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), pituitary gonadotropins, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were proven to be common important elements of the HPG axis in teleosts and mammals, although the roles of each vary. Conversely, there are some modulators of GnRH or gonadotropins that are not common to all vertebrates. In this review, I will introduce the mechanism for HPG axis regulation in mammals and teleosts, and describe their evolution from a hypothetical common ancestor.
ISSN:0016-6480
1095-6840
DOI:10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.11.014