Spatial distribution and vertical profile of heavy metals in marine sediments around Iran's special economic energy zone; Arsenic as an enriched contaminant

• Published in: Marine pollution bulletin 2019-01, Vol.138, p.437-450
• Main Authors: Aghadadashi, Vahid, Neyestani, Mahmoud Reza, Mehdinia, Ali, Riyahi Bakhtiari, Alireza, Molaei, Saeideh, Farhangi, Mehrdad, Esmaili, Majied, Rezai Marnani, Hamid, Gerivani, Hadi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anthropogenic factors; Arsenic; Arsenic - analysis; Asaluyeh; Cadmium; Chromium; Contaminants; Core sample; Economic analysis; Economics; Energy; Enrichment; Entrances; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments - chemistry; Heavy metals; Iran; Lead; Magnesium; Manganese; Mapping; Marine sediments; Mercury; Mercury (metal); Metals; Metals, Heavy - analysis; Molybdenum; Nickel; Persian Gulf; Pollutant load; Pollution effects; Pollution index; Pollution load; Sediment; Sediment pollution; Sediments; Selenium; Spatial distribution; Titanium; Vertical distribution; Vertical profiles; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Zinc
• ISSN: 0025-326X; 1879-3363
• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.033

Surface sediments (n = 35) and a core sample around Pars Special Economic Energy Zone were analyzed to address spatiotemporal variations of heavy metals. Enrichment factors classified the elements as: (1) poorly enriched, geogenic elements (Co, Cr, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ti, and V), (2) minimal enriched elements (Zn and Mg), (3) moderately enriched elements (Ag, Cd, Pb, Se, and Sr), and (4) significantly enriched element (As and Hg). The core profile showed that As, Hg, Ag, and Cd had considerable anthropogenic inventories. Arsenic levels were continuously increasing toward the top of the core and sedimentary cycling was not an effective factor on its enrichment. Pollution load index classified the area as a severely affected region and Risk Index values suggested that 57% of the sediments had a moderate potential risks. The mapping techniques proposed a polluted and hazardous patch at the entrance and center part of the Nayband Bay. [Display omitted] •According to the core profile, As, Hg, Ag, and Cd comparatively have the greatest anthropogenic inventories.•Mercury and As are significantly enriched elements in the PSEEZ.•Pollution indices reveal sediments are severely polluted and anthropogenic and natural inputs have equal role in HMs.•The sediments signalized a 21% to 49% probability of being toxic for the region’s biota.•Oxidation-reduction diagenesis is not possibly a key factor for highly enriched levels of As.