Emerging Principles in Myelopoiesis at Homeostasis and during Infection and Inflammation

Myelopoiesis ensures the steady state of the myeloid cell compartment. Technological advances in fate mapping and genetic engineering, as well as the advent of single cell RNA-sequencing, have highlighted the heterogeneity of the hematopoietic system and revealed new concepts in myeloid cell ontogen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Immunity (Cambridge, Mass.) Mass.), 2019-02, Vol.50 (2), p.288-301
Main Authors: Schultze, Joachim L., Mass, Elvira, Schlitzer, Andreas
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Asthma
Bacterial infections
Bone marrow
Bone Marrow - immunology
Cell fate
Chronic illnesses
Dendritic cells
Fate maps
Fatty acids
Feedback loops
Gene mapping
Gene sequencing
Genetic engineering
Hematopoietic system
Heterogeneity
Homeostasis
Homeostasis - immunology
Humans
Immune system
Immunity
Immunity, Innate - immunology
Immunological memory
Immunology
Infection - immunology
Infections
Inflammation
Inflammation - immunology
Influenza
Mapping
Microbiota
Models, Immunological
Myeloid Cells - immunology
Myeloid Progenitor Cells - immunology
Myelopoiesis
Myelopoiesis - immunology
Neutrophils
Ontogeny
Regulation
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
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Summary:Myelopoiesis ensures the steady state of the myeloid cell compartment. Technological advances in fate mapping and genetic engineering, as well as the advent of single cell RNA-sequencing, have highlighted the heterogeneity of the hematopoietic system and revealed new concepts in myeloid cell ontogeny. These technologies are also shedding light on mechanisms of myelopoiesis at homeostasis and at different phases of infection and inflammation, illustrating important feedback loops between affected tissues and the bone marrow. We review these findings here and revisit principles in myelopoiesis in light of the evolving understanding of myeloid cell ontogeny and heterogeneity. We argue for the importance of system-wide evaluation of changes in myelopoiesis and discuss how even after the resolution of inflammation, long-lasting alterations in myelopoiesis may play a role in innate immune memory or trained immunity. Schultze, Mass, and Schlitzer discuss recent findings on myelopoiesis in homeostasis and disease in light of the evolving understanding of myeloid cell ontogeny and heterogeneity. They argue for the importance of an integrated approach toward examining the mechanisms of myelopoiesis and its contribution to the immune response.
ISSN:1074-7613
1097-4180
DOI:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.01.019