An Update on the Signals Controlling Shoot Branching

Many new questions on the regulation of shoot branching have been raised in recent years, prompting a review and reassessment of the role of each signal involved. Sugars and their signaling networks have been attributed a major role in the early events of axillary bud outgrowth, whereas cytokinin ap...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in plant science 2019-03, Vol.24 (3), p.220-236
Main Authors: Barbier, Francois F., Dun, Elizabeth A., Kerr, Stephanie C., Chabikwa, Tinashe G., Beveridge, Christine A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
apical dominance
auxin transport
Biological Transport
Branching
BRC1
cytokinin
Cytokinins
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Indoleacetic Acids
Phytohormones
Plant Shoots
strigolactone signaling
Sugar
sugar signaling
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Summary:Many new questions on the regulation of shoot branching have been raised in recent years, prompting a review and reassessment of the role of each signal involved. Sugars and their signaling networks have been attributed a major role in the early events of axillary bud outgrowth, whereas cytokinin appears to play a critical role in the modulation of this process in response to the environment. Perception of the recently discovered hormone strigolactone is now quite well understood, while the downstream targets remain largely unknown. Recent literature has highlighted that auxin export from a bud is important for its subsequent growth. Sugars play a major role during the very early events of bud outgrowth, likely through interactions with hormone pathways. Cytokinins play a major role in shoot branching, but are not absolutely required for bud outgrowth in response to decapitation. Auxin depletion in the stem and auxin export from the bud are important for sustained bud growth rather than initial bud release. The strigolactone signaling proteins have been identified but their transcriptional and other targets are still not well understood. BRC1 is an integrator of multiple bud outgrowth regulatory pathways to determine the activation potential of buds, but BRC1-independent pathways are also involved.
ISSN:1360-1385
1878-4372
DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2018.12.001