Polymer‐Based Module for NAD+ Regeneration with Visible Light

The regeneration of enzymatic cofactors by cell‐free synthetic modules is a key step towards producing a purely synthetic cell. Herein, we demonstrate the regeneration of the enzyme cofactor NAD+ by photo‐oxidation of NADH under visible‐light irradiation by using metal‐free conjugated polymer nanopa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology 2019-10, Vol.20 (20), p.2593-2596
Main Authors: Ma, Beatriz C., Caire da Silva, Lucas, Jo, Seong‐Min, Wurm, Frederik R., Bannwarth, Markus B., Zhang, Kai A. I., Sundmacher, Kai, Landfester, Katharina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
artificial cell modules
Autonomy
Cofactors
Enzymes
Glycerol
Glycerol dehydrogenase
Irradiation
Light irradiation
microreactors
Modules
NAD
NADH
Nanoparticles
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Organic chemistry
Oxidation
photocatalysis
Polymers
Radiation
Regeneration
Silica
Silicon dioxide
Substrates
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Summary:The regeneration of enzymatic cofactors by cell‐free synthetic modules is a key step towards producing a purely synthetic cell. Herein, we demonstrate the regeneration of the enzyme cofactor NAD+ by photo‐oxidation of NADH under visible‐light irradiation by using metal‐free conjugated polymer nanoparticles. Encapsulation of the light‐active nanoparticles in the lumen of polymeric vesicles produced a fully organic module able to regenerate NAD+ in an enzyme‐free system. The polymer compartment conferred physical and chemical autonomy to the module, allowing the regeneration of NAD+ to occur efficiently, even in harsh chemical environments. Moreover, we show that regeneration of NAD+ by the photocatalyst nanoparticles can oxidize a model substrate, in conjunction with the enzyme glycerol dehydrogenase. To ensure the longevity of the enzyme, we immobilized it within a protective silica matrix; this yielded enzymatic silica nanoparticles with enhanced long‐term performance and compatibility with the NAD+‐regeneration system. One way and another: A polymer‐based module can regenerate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) coenzyme by light‐triggered photocatalysis. The module allows opposite redox reactions to take place inside and outside the compartment simultaneously.
ISSN:1439-4227
1439-7633
DOI:10.1002/cbic.201900093