Study of the changes in volatile compounds, aroma and sensory attributes during the production process of sparkling wine by traditional method

• Published in: Food research international 2019-05, Vol.119, p.554-563
• Main Authors: Ubeda, Cristina, Kania-Zelada, Ingeborg, del Barrio-Galán, Rubén, Medel-Marabolí, Marcela, Gil, Mariona, Peña-Neira, Álvaro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aging; Caproates; Esters - analysis; Female; Fermentation; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Impact aroma compounds; Male; Odorants - analysis; Olfactometry; País grape variety; Pentanols; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Propionates; Sensory analysis; sparkling wine; Succinates; Taste; Terpenes - analysis; Time Factors; Vitis - classification; Volatile compounds; Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis; Wine - analysis
• ISSN: 0963-9969; 1873-7145
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.032

One of the strongest factors that affects the volatile profile of sparkling wine is the winemaking process. Here we focus on determining the effects of the second fermentation and aging on lees of sparkling wine from País grape variety combining different analysis techniques for the first time in sparkling wine: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/olfactometry and sensorial analysis. During the second fermentation and aging, there was a significant loss of esters that might be related to the adsorption on lees and ester volatility and chemical hydrolysis. The concentration of several compounds such as some esters (diethyl succinate, ethyl lactate, and ethyl isovalerate) increased during aging and could be used as aging markers. Vitispiranes were identified as the best norisoprenoids aging markers for young sparkling wines (12 months of aging). Also, PCA showed that time of aging on lees affected mostly esters and terpenes. On the other hand, the diminution of fruity/floral impact odorants during aging was not perceived in sensorial trials. Our results suggest that the responsibility for fruity/floral nuances in sparkling wine might reside in a few high-impact aromatic compounds, such as ethyl isobutyrate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, β-phenylethanol and diethyl succinate. [Display omitted] •Effects of the second fermentation and aging on lees on sparkling wines were studied.•Olfactometry along production of sparkling wine was performed for the first time.•Vitispiranes and diethyl succinate are good aging markers for young sparkling wine.•Esters and terpenes showed the highest decreases due to aging time on lees.•The decrease of fruity/floral after 12 months of aging was not perceived by tasters.