Effectiveness of Isolated Hip Exercise, Knee Exercise, or Free Physical Activity for Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

• Published in: The American journal of sports medicine 2019-05, Vol.47 (6), p.1312-1322
• Main Authors: Hott, Alexandra, Brox, Jens Ivar, Pripp, Are Hugo, Juel, Niels Gunnar, Paulsen, Gøran, Liavaag, Sigurd
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Clinical trials; Exercise; Exercise Therapy - methods; Female; Hip Joint - physiology; Humans; Knee; Knee Joint - physiology; Male; Muscle Strength; Pain; Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - rehabilitation; Patient education; Patient Education as Topic; Physical fitness; Quadriceps Muscle; Single-Blind Method; Sports medicine; Time Factors; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0363-5465; 1552-3365
• DOI: 10.1177/0363546519830644

Background: Exercise for patellofemoral pain (PFP) is traditionally knee focused, targeting quadriceps muscles. In recent years, hip-focused exercise has gained popularity. Patient education is likely an important factor but is underresearched. Purpose: To compare 3 treatment methods for PFP, each combined with patient education: hip-focused exercise, knee-focused exercise, or free physical activity. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was performed with 112 patients who were 16 to 40 years old (mean, 27.6 years) and had a symptom duration >3 months (mean, 39 months) with a clinical diagnosis of PFP and no radiograph or magnetic resonance evidence of other pathology. Patients were randomized to a 6-week intervention consisting of patient education combined with isolated hip-focused exercise (n = 39), traditional knee-focused exercise (n = 37), or free physical activity (n = 36). The primary outcome was Anterior Knee Pain Scale (0-100) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were visual analog scale for pain, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Knee Self-efficacy Scale, EuroQol, step-down, and isometric strength. Results: There were no between-group differences in any primary or secondary outcomes at 3 months except for hip abduction strength and knee extension strength. Between-group differences at 3 months for Anterior Knee Pain Scale were as follows: knee versus control, 0.2 (95% CI, –5.5 to 6.0); hip versus control, 1.0 (95% CI, –4.6 to 6.6); and hip versus knee, 0.8 (95% CI, –4.8 to 6.4). The whole cohort of patients improved for all outcomes at 3 months except for knee extension strength. Conclusion: The authors found no difference in short-term effectiveness in combining patient education with knee-focused exercise, hip-focused exercise, or free training for patients with PFP. Registration: NCT02114294 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).