Dietary patterns and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A systematic review and meta-analysis

•The meta-analysis suggests that a unhealthy diet can increase the risk of ADHD, whereas a healthy diet, would protect against these outcomes.•The unhealthy dietary pattern, characterized by the consumption of saturated fat and refined sugar was associated to the risk of hyperactivity or ADHD occurr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of affective disorders 2019-06, Vol.252, p.160-173
Main Authors: Del-Ponte, Bianca, Quinte, Gabriela Callo, Cruz, Suélen, Grellert, Merlen, Santos, Iná S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Asia
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - etiology
Case-Control Studies
Child
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diet
Diet - adverse effects
Dietary patterns
Europe
Female
Humans
Hyperactivity and ADHD
Male
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Summary:•The meta-analysis suggests that a unhealthy diet can increase the risk of ADHD, whereas a healthy diet, would protect against these outcomes.•The unhealthy dietary pattern, characterized by the consumption of saturated fat and refined sugar was associated to the risk of hyperactivity or ADHD occurrence.•The healthy patterns, characterized by the consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains showed a protective effect against hyperactivity or ADHD. The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder characterized by persistent symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. The diet during childhood has been investigated as a factor potentially involved in the ADHD etiology. To review systematically the evidence of the association between dietary patterns and ADHD. Two independent literature searches were carried out in PubMed, LILACS and PsycINFO databases. The studies included were only those that assessed dietary patterns and ADHD in children and adolescents. Due to heterogeneity between the studies random-effects models were used to pool the estimates. We included fourteen observational studies (four cohorts, five case-control and five cross-sectional studies). In the pooled analysis, healthy dietary patterns were protective against ADHD (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 044 – 0.97), while unhealthy dietary patterns were found as risk to ADHD (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.15–1.74). After stratifying the studies by design (cohort/case control or cross-sectional), continent (Europe or Asia/Oceania) and sample size (≥1000 or
ISSN:0165-0327
1573-2517
DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.061