Determinants of Exposure to Pyrethroid Insecticides in the VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa

Exposure to pyrethroid insecticides has been linked to adverse health effects, and can originate from several sources, including indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria control, home pest control, food contamination, and occupational exposure. We aimed to explore the determinants of urinary pyret...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 2018-11, Vol.52 (21), p.12108-12121
Main Authors: Rauch, Stephen, Bradman, Asa, Coker, Eric, Chevrier, Jonathan, An, Sookee, Bornman, Riana, Eskenazi, Brenda
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Babies
Bayes Theorem
Bayesian analysis
Bivariate analysis
Body composition
Chemical pest control
Determinants
Diet
Exposure
Female
Food
Food contamination
Health risks
Human exposure
Humans
Infant
Insecticides
Malaria
Metabolites
Mothers
Occupational exposure
Occupational health
Pest control
Pesticide application
Pesticides
Pollution control
Population (statistical)
Pregnancy
Pyrethrins
Regression analysis
Rural populations
South Africa
Spraying
Statistical analysis
Urine
Vector-borne diseases
Water springs
Water wells
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Summary:Exposure to pyrethroid insecticides has been linked to adverse health effects, and can originate from several sources, including indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria control, home pest control, food contamination, and occupational exposure. We aimed to explore the determinants of urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations in a rural population with high pesticide use. The Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) is a birth cohort of 752 mother-child pairs in Limpopo, South Africa. We measured pyrethroid metabolites in maternal urine and collected information on several factors possibly related to pesticide exposure, including IRS, home pesticide use, and maternal factors (e.g., dietary habits and body composition). We performed statistical analysis using both conventional bivariate regressions and Bayesian variable selection methods. Urinary pyrethroid metabolites are consistently associated with pesticide factors around homes, including pesticide application in yards and food stocks, and IRS in the home during pregnancy, while more distant factors such as village spraying are not. High fat intake is associated with higher metabolite concentrations, and women from homes drawing water from wells or springs had marginally higher levels. Home pesticide use is the most consistent correlate of pyrethroid metabolite concentrations, but IRS, dietary habits, and household water source may also be important exposure determinants.
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.8b02767