Advances in Porous Organic Polymers for Efficient Water Capture

• Published in: Chemistry : a European journal 2019-08, Vol.25 (44), p.10262-10283
• Main Authors: Byun, Yearin, Je, Sang Hyun, Talapaneni, Siddulu Naidu, Coskun, Ali
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adsorbed water; Adsorption; Alternative energy sources; Atmospheric water; carbon dioxide separation; Chemistry; Dehumidification; Desiccants; Functional groups; Gas sensors; Heat exchangers; Heat pumps; Morphology; Organic chemistry; organic desiccants; Polymers; Porosity; porous organic polymers; Refrigeration; surface area; Surface chemistry; Water chemistry; Water purification; water vapor capture; Zeolites
• ISSN: 0947-6539; 1521-3765
• DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900940

Desiccant driven dehumidification for maintaining the proper humidity levels and atmospheric water capture with minimum energy penalty are important aspects in heat pumps, refrigeration, gas and liquid purifications, gas sensing, and clean water production for improved human health and comfort. Water adsorption by using nanoporous materials has emerged as a viable alternative to energy‐intensive industrial processes, thus understanding the significance of their porosity, high surface areas, vast pore volumes, chemical and structural features relative to the water adsorption is quite important. In this review article, important features of nanoporous materials are presented, including zeolites, porous carbons, as well as crystalline and amorphous porous organic polymers (POPs) to define the interactions between the water molecules and the polar/non‐polar functional groups on the surface of these nanoporous materials. In particular, focus is placed on the recent developments in POPs in the context of water capture as a result of their remarkable stability towards water and wide range of available synthetic routes and building blocks for their synthesis. We also highlighted recent approaches to increase the water sorption capacity of POPs by modifying their structure, morphology, porosity, and chemical functionality while emphasizing their promising future in this emerging area. Drying up: In this Review, important features of nanoporous materials are presented, including zeolites, porous carbons, as well as crystalline and amorphous porous organic polymers (POPs) to define the interactions between the water molecules and the polar/non‐polar functional groups on the surface (see figure).