Effect of variety, soil fertility status and agronomic treatments on carrot mineral and phytochemical composition and consumer liking of flavor traits

• Published in: Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2019-09, Vol.99 (12), p.5457-5474
• Main Authors: Stefanson, Amanda L, Tsao, Rong, Liu, Ronghua, Duizer, Lisa, Bakovic, Marica, Martin, Ralph C
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agronomy; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - chemistry; Bioaccumulation; Biological activity; Biosynthesis; Carotenoids; Carotenoids - chemistry; carrot; Carrots; Chlorogenic acid; Composition; Composting; Composts; Consumer Behavior; Crop yield; Daucus carota - chemistry; Daucus carota - classification; falcarindiol; falcarinol; Fertilizers - analysis; Flavor; Flavoring Agents - chemistry; Flavors; Foliar applications; Humans; Micronutrients; Minerals; Minerals - chemistry; Nitrogen; Nutrient status; Nutritive value; Organic chemistry; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Phosphorus; Phytochemicals; Phytochemicals - chemistry; Plant Roots - chemistry; Polyacetylene; polyacetylenes; polyphenols; Sensory evaluation; Soil - chemistry; Soil fertility; Soil investigations; Soil nutrients; Soils; Taste; Vegetables
• ISSN: 0022-5142; 1097-0010
• DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9807

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of variety (Nantes and Imperator), soil fertility status (high and low) and agronomic treatments on yield and quality traits of carrot composition and sensory factors. The treatments compared synthetic nitrogen at conventionally recommended amounts with compost‐sourced nitrogen (high and low rates) and a range of amendments (compost, compost tea, micronutrients and foliar treatments). Additionally, we intended to identify factors affecting polyacetylene accumulation in carrots, owing to the growing interest in their health effects and paucity of agronomic information on their bioaccumulation in carrots. RESULTS Imperator accumulated more minerals, produced more phytochemicals and had higher antioxidant capacity than Nantes, which had more carotenoids. However, consumers preferred the flavor of Nantes over Imperator. High‐fertility soil produced carrots of superior nutritional quality than did low‐fertility soil, regardless of year‐of‐application amendments, the effects of which were often variety‐dependent. High soil biological activity was able to overcome low fertility status and stimulate greater yield. Carrot phosphorus was correlated with falcarindiol biosynthesis. Chlorogenic acid and falcarindiol were correlated with antioxidant capacity, but not falcarinol or total phenolic compounds. CONCLUSION Carrots were not strongly affected by agronomic treatments in terms of yield or phytochemical status; however, soil biological activity overcame a soil nutrient deficit in terms of yield. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant status were generally higher in the high‐fertility site, whereas polyacetylenes were variety‐dependent. Chlorogenic acid and falcarindiol were associated with antioxidant capacity, but not total phenolic compounds and carotenoids. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry