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Urinary volatile organic compounds and faecal microbiome profiles in colorectal cancer

Aim Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are potential biomarkers for diagnosing colorectal cancer (CRC). We characterized urinary VOCs from CRC patients, their spouses/cohabitors (spouses) and first‐degree relatives (relatives) to determine any differences. Correlation with stool‐derived microbiomes w...

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Published in:Colorectal disease 2019-11, Vol.21 (11), p.1259-1269
Main Authors: McFarlane, M., Millard, A., Hall, H., Savage, R., Constantinidou, C., Arasaradnam, R., Nwokolo, C.
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container_issue 11
container_start_page 1259
container_title Colorectal disease
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creator McFarlane, M.
Millard, A.
Hall, H.
Savage, R.
Constantinidou, C.
Arasaradnam, R.
Nwokolo, C.
description Aim Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are potential biomarkers for diagnosing colorectal cancer (CRC). We characterized urinary VOCs from CRC patients, their spouses/cohabitors (spouses) and first‐degree relatives (relatives) to determine any differences. Correlation with stool‐derived microbiomes was also undertaken. Methods Urine from 56 CRC patients, 45 spouses and 37 relatives was assayed using liquid chromatography, field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), mass spectrometer technology. Analysis was performed using five‐fold cross‐validation and a random forest classifier. Faecal microbiome 16S rRNA was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq protocols and analysed using UPARSE and QIIME pipelines. VOC and microbiome profiles were also compared before and after cancer treatment. Results Urinary VOC profiles of CRC patients were indistinguishable from either spouses or relatives. When spouses and relatives were grouped together to form a larger non‐cancer control group (n = 82), their VOC profiles became distinguishable from those of CRC patients (n = 56) with 69% sensitivity and specificity, area under the curve 0.72 (P  1300 operational taxonomic units across all groups. The analysis of similarity R value was 0.067 (P 
doi_str_mv 10.1111/codi.14739
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We characterized urinary VOCs from CRC patients, their spouses/cohabitors (spouses) and first‐degree relatives (relatives) to determine any differences. Correlation with stool‐derived microbiomes was also undertaken. Methods Urine from 56 CRC patients, 45 spouses and 37 relatives was assayed using liquid chromatography, field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), mass spectrometer technology. Analysis was performed using five‐fold cross‐validation and a random forest classifier. Faecal microbiome 16S rRNA was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq protocols and analysed using UPARSE and QIIME pipelines. VOC and microbiome profiles were also compared before and after cancer treatment. Results Urinary VOC profiles of CRC patients were indistinguishable from either spouses or relatives. When spouses and relatives were grouped together to form a larger non‐cancer control group (n = 82), their VOC profiles became distinguishable from those of CRC patients (n = 56) with 69% sensitivity and specificity, area under the curve 0.72 (P &lt; 0.001). Microbiome analysis identified &gt; 1300 operational taxonomic units across all groups. The analysis of similarity R value was 0.067 (P &lt; 0.001), with significantly different bacterial abundances in 82 operational taxonomic units (6.2%) by Kruskal–Wallis testing. CRC patients’ VOC or stool microbiome profiles were unchanged after treatment. Conclusion Although CRC patients’ urinary VOC profiles cannot be differentiated from those of spouses or relatives they can be differentiated from a larger non‐cancer control group. Comparison of the groups’ microbiomes confirmed differences in bacterial species abundance. The current FAIMS‐based assay can detect a unique, but modest, signal in CRC patients’ urinary VOCs, which remains unaltered after treatment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1462-8910</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1463-1318</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/codi.14739</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31282600</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Cancer ; Colorectal cancer ; Colorectal carcinoma ; environment ; genetics ; Ionic mobility ; Liquid chromatography ; microbiome ; Microbiomes ; Organic compounds ; rRNA 16S ; Spectrometry ; Taxonomy ; Technology assessment ; Urine ; VOCs ; Volatile organic compounds</subject><ispartof>Colorectal disease, 2019-11, Vol.21 (11), p.1259-1269</ispartof><rights>Colorectal Disease © 2019 The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland</rights><rights>Colorectal Disease © 2019 The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3579-3e3457a2e398547a1a2af537b828bb93cdb7dbba2c1f4cc94ba8a2582663b2f93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3579-3e3457a2e398547a1a2af537b828bb93cdb7dbba2c1f4cc94ba8a2582663b2f93</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2231-3062 ; 0000-0002-8156-8014</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31282600$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>McFarlane, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Millard, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Savage, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Constantinidou, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arasaradnam, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nwokolo, C.</creatorcontrib><title>Urinary volatile organic compounds and faecal microbiome profiles in colorectal cancer</title><title>Colorectal disease</title><addtitle>Colorectal Dis</addtitle><description>Aim Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are potential biomarkers for diagnosing colorectal cancer (CRC). We characterized urinary VOCs from CRC patients, their spouses/cohabitors (spouses) and first‐degree relatives (relatives) to determine any differences. Correlation with stool‐derived microbiomes was also undertaken. Methods Urine from 56 CRC patients, 45 spouses and 37 relatives was assayed using liquid chromatography, field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), mass spectrometer technology. Analysis was performed using five‐fold cross‐validation and a random forest classifier. Faecal microbiome 16S rRNA was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq protocols and analysed using UPARSE and QIIME pipelines. VOC and microbiome profiles were also compared before and after cancer treatment. Results Urinary VOC profiles of CRC patients were indistinguishable from either spouses or relatives. When spouses and relatives were grouped together to form a larger non‐cancer control group (n = 82), their VOC profiles became distinguishable from those of CRC patients (n = 56) with 69% sensitivity and specificity, area under the curve 0.72 (P &lt; 0.001). Microbiome analysis identified &gt; 1300 operational taxonomic units across all groups. The analysis of similarity R value was 0.067 (P &lt; 0.001), with significantly different bacterial abundances in 82 operational taxonomic units (6.2%) by Kruskal–Wallis testing. CRC patients’ VOC or stool microbiome profiles were unchanged after treatment. Conclusion Although CRC patients’ urinary VOC profiles cannot be differentiated from those of spouses or relatives they can be differentiated from a larger non‐cancer control group. Comparison of the groups’ microbiomes confirmed differences in bacterial species abundance. The current FAIMS‐based assay can detect a unique, but modest, signal in CRC patients’ urinary VOCs, which remains unaltered after treatment.</description><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Colorectal cancer</subject><subject>Colorectal carcinoma</subject><subject>environment</subject><subject>genetics</subject><subject>Ionic mobility</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>microbiome</subject><subject>Microbiomes</subject><subject>Organic compounds</subject><subject>rRNA 16S</subject><subject>Spectrometry</subject><subject>Taxonomy</subject><subject>Technology assessment</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>VOCs</subject><subject>Volatile organic compounds</subject><issn>1462-8910</issn><issn>1463-1318</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp90E1PwyAcBnBiNG5OL34AQ-LFmHQC_3alRzPflizZxXklQKlhacuEVbNvL1unBw9ygcMvTx4ehC4pGdN47rQr7ZimORRHaEjTCSQUKD_ev1nCC0oG6CyEFSF0klN-igZAGWcTQobobeltK_0Wf7pabmxtsPPvsrUaa9esXdeWAcu2xJU0Wta4sdo7ZV1j8Nq7KvqAbRtt7bzRmyi0bLXx5-ikknUwF4d7hJZPj6_Tl2S-eJ5N7-eJhiwvEjCQZrlkBgqepbmkkskqg1xxxpUqQJcqL5WSTNMq1bpIleSSZbH7BBSrChihmz43tvnoTNiIxgZt6lq2xnVBMJYBB4AcIr3-Q1eu821sJxhQwjlkZKduexX_GYI3lVh728SBBCVit7bYrS32a0d8dYjsVGPKX_ozbwS0B19xqe0_UWK6eJj1od-zh4ob</recordid><startdate>201911</startdate><enddate>201911</enddate><creator>McFarlane, M.</creator><creator>Millard, A.</creator><creator>Hall, H.</creator><creator>Savage, R.</creator><creator>Constantinidou, C.</creator><creator>Arasaradnam, R.</creator><creator>Nwokolo, C.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-3062</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8156-8014</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201911</creationdate><title>Urinary volatile organic compounds and faecal microbiome profiles in colorectal cancer</title><author>McFarlane, M. ; Millard, A. ; Hall, H. ; Savage, R. ; Constantinidou, C. ; Arasaradnam, R. ; Nwokolo, C.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3579-3e3457a2e398547a1a2af537b828bb93cdb7dbba2c1f4cc94ba8a2582663b2f93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Colorectal cancer</topic><topic>Colorectal carcinoma</topic><topic>environment</topic><topic>genetics</topic><topic>Ionic mobility</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>microbiome</topic><topic>Microbiomes</topic><topic>Organic compounds</topic><topic>rRNA 16S</topic><topic>Spectrometry</topic><topic>Taxonomy</topic><topic>Technology assessment</topic><topic>Urine</topic><topic>VOCs</topic><topic>Volatile organic compounds</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>McFarlane, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Millard, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Savage, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Constantinidou, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arasaradnam, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nwokolo, C.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Colorectal disease</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>McFarlane, M.</au><au>Millard, A.</au><au>Hall, H.</au><au>Savage, R.</au><au>Constantinidou, C.</au><au>Arasaradnam, R.</au><au>Nwokolo, C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Urinary volatile organic compounds and faecal microbiome profiles in colorectal cancer</atitle><jtitle>Colorectal disease</jtitle><addtitle>Colorectal Dis</addtitle><date>2019-11</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1259</spage><epage>1269</epage><pages>1259-1269</pages><issn>1462-8910</issn><eissn>1463-1318</eissn><abstract>Aim Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are potential biomarkers for diagnosing colorectal cancer (CRC). We characterized urinary VOCs from CRC patients, their spouses/cohabitors (spouses) and first‐degree relatives (relatives) to determine any differences. Correlation with stool‐derived microbiomes was also undertaken. Methods Urine from 56 CRC patients, 45 spouses and 37 relatives was assayed using liquid chromatography, field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), mass spectrometer technology. Analysis was performed using five‐fold cross‐validation and a random forest classifier. Faecal microbiome 16S rRNA was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq protocols and analysed using UPARSE and QIIME pipelines. VOC and microbiome profiles were also compared before and after cancer treatment. Results Urinary VOC profiles of CRC patients were indistinguishable from either spouses or relatives. When spouses and relatives were grouped together to form a larger non‐cancer control group (n = 82), their VOC profiles became distinguishable from those of CRC patients (n = 56) with 69% sensitivity and specificity, area under the curve 0.72 (P &lt; 0.001). Microbiome analysis identified &gt; 1300 operational taxonomic units across all groups. The analysis of similarity R value was 0.067 (P &lt; 0.001), with significantly different bacterial abundances in 82 operational taxonomic units (6.2%) by Kruskal–Wallis testing. CRC patients’ VOC or stool microbiome profiles were unchanged after treatment. Conclusion Although CRC patients’ urinary VOC profiles cannot be differentiated from those of spouses or relatives they can be differentiated from a larger non‐cancer control group. Comparison of the groups’ microbiomes confirmed differences in bacterial species abundance. 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subjects Cancer
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal carcinoma
environment
genetics
Ionic mobility
Liquid chromatography
microbiome
Microbiomes
Organic compounds
rRNA 16S
Spectrometry
Taxonomy
Technology assessment
Urine
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds
title Urinary volatile organic compounds and faecal microbiome profiles in colorectal cancer
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