Host-Based Diagnostics for Acute Respiratory Infections

The inappropriate use of antimicrobials, especially in acute respiratory infections (ARIs), is largely driven by difficulty distinguishing bacterial, viral, and noninfectious etiologies of illness. A new frontier in infectious disease diagnostics looks to the host response for disease classification...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical therapeutics 2019-10, Vol.41 (10), p.1923-1938
Main Authors: Ross, Melissa H., Zick, Brittany L., Tsalik, Ephraim L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
Bacterial infections
Biomarkers
Clinical medicine
communicable diseases
diagnostics
Drug resistance
Etiology
Gene expression
host-pathogen interaction
Illnesses
Infections
Infectious diseases
Metabolomics
Patients
Pneumonia
Primary care
Proteins
proteome
Proteomics
respiratory infections
Respiratory tract infection
transcriptome
Tropical diseases
Viral diseases
Viral infections
Wearable technology
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Summary:The inappropriate use of antimicrobials, especially in acute respiratory infections (ARIs), is largely driven by difficulty distinguishing bacterial, viral, and noninfectious etiologies of illness. A new frontier in infectious disease diagnostics looks to the host response for disease classification. This article examines how host response–based diagnostics for ARIs are being used in clinical practice, as well as new developments in the research pipeline. A limited search was conducted of the relevant literature, with emphasis placed on literature published in the last 5 years (2014–2019). Advances are being made in all areas of host response–based diagnostics for ARIs. Specifically, there has been significant progress made in single protein biomarkers, as well as in various “omics” fields (including proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics) and wearable technologies. There are many potential applications of a host response–based approach; a few key examples include the ability to discriminate bacterial and viral disease, presymptomatic diagnosis of infection, and pathogen-specific host response diagnostics, including modeling disease progression. As biomarker measurement technologies continue to improve, host response–based diagnostics will increasingly be translated to clinically available platforms that can generate a holistic characterization of an individual's health. This knowledge, in the hands of both patient and provider, can improve care for the individual patient and help fight rising rates of antibiotic resistance.
ISSN:0149-2918
1879-114X
DOI:10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.06.007