Immunity of an insect herbivore to an entomovirus is affected by different host plants

BACKGROUND Interactions between herbivorous insects and entomoviruses may depend on host plant, perhaps mediated through changes in herbivore innate immunity. RESULTS Caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) fed Glycine max had high viral loads and low melanization rates together with low melanization enzym...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pest management science 2020-03, Vol.76 (3), p.1004-1010
Main Authors: Wang, Jin‐Yan, Zhang, Hao, Siemann, Evan, Ji, Xiang‐Yun, Chen, Yi‐Juan, Wang, Yi, Jiang, Jie‐Xian, Wan, Nian‐Feng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Artificial diets
Brassica
Caterpillars
Diet
enzyme activity
Enzymes
gene expression
Glycine max
hemolymph
Herbivores
Herbivory
Host plants
Immune response
Immune system
Immunity
Immunity, Innate
Infections
Innate immunity
Insects
Larva
Melanization
melanization enzymes
nucleopolyhedrovirus
Nutrient deficiency
Organic chemistry
plant‐mediated effects
Spodoptera
tritrophic interactions
virus production
Viruses
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Summary:BACKGROUND Interactions between herbivorous insects and entomoviruses may depend on host plant, perhaps mediated through changes in herbivore innate immunity. RESULTS Caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) fed Glycine max had high viral loads and low melanization rates together with low melanization enzyme [PO, DDC, TH] activities and gene expressions. Caterpillars fed Ipomoea aquatica had low viral loads and high melanization, gene activities and gene expressions while those fed Brassica oleracea or artificial diet had intermediate levels of each. Melanization rates were negatively correlated with viral loads and positively correlated with activity and expression of each of the three enzymes. Some diet effects on enzymes were constitutive because the same diets led to low (G. max) or high (I. aquatica) melanization related gene activities and expressions without infection. CONCLUSION Diet influences the interactions between insect herbivores and viruses by shaping the innate immune response both at the onset of infection and afterwards as viral loads accumulate over a period of days. In addition, diets that lead to low viral loads are associated with high activities and gene expressions of a variety of melanization related enzymes suggesting a common causative mechanism. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry Host plants influence the interactions between insect herbivores and entomoviruses by shaping the innate immune response of insects.
ISSN:1526-498X
1526-4998
DOI:10.1002/ps.5609