A Recurrence Predictive Model for Thymic Tumors and Its Implication for Postoperative Management: a Chinese Alliance for Research in Thymomas Database Study

• Published in: Journal of thoracic oncology 2020-03, Vol.15 (3), p.448-456
• Main Authors: Liu, Hui, Gu, ZhiTao, Qiu, Bo, Detterbeck, Frank C., Roden, Anja C., Ruffini, Enrico, Okumura, Meinoshin, Girard, Nicolas, Xiang, YangWei, Liu, Yuan, Du, ZhiCheng, Hao, YuanTao, Fu, JianHua, Zhang, Peng, Pang, LieWen, Chen, KeNeng, Wang, Yun, Yu, ZhenTao, Mao, Teng, Fang, WenTao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Asian Continental Ancestry Group; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local - epidemiology; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local - surgery; Neoplasm Staging; Postoperative management; Postoperative surveillance; Recurrence predictive model; Retrospective Studies; Thymic epithelial tumors; Thymoma - pathology; Thymoma - surgery; Thymus Neoplasms - pathology; Thymus Neoplasms - surgery
• ISSN: 1556-0864; 1556-1380
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.10.018

Our aim was to investigate appropriate postoperative management based on the risk of disease recurrence in thymic epithelial tumors after complete resection. The Chinese Alliance for Research in Thymomas retrospective database was reviewed. Patients having stage I to IIIa tumors without pretreatment and with complete resection were included. Clinicopathologic variables with statistical significance in the multivariate Cox regression were incorporated into a nomogram for building a recurrence predictive model. A total of 907 cases, including 802 thymomas, 88 thymic carcinomas, and 17 neuroendocrine tumors, were retrieved between 1994 and 2012. With a median follow-up of 52 months, the 10-year overall survival rate was 89.5%. Distant and/or locoregional recurrences were noted in 53 patients (5.8%). The nomogram model revealed histologic type and T stage as independent predictive factors for recurrence, with a bootstrap-corrected C-index of 0.86. On the basis of this model, patients with T1 thymomas or T2 or T3 type A, AB, or B1 thymomas had a significantly lower incidence of recurrence (low-risk group) than those with T2 or T3 type B2 or B3 thymomas and all thymic carcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors (high-risk group) (2.7% versus 20.1% [p < 0.001]). In the high-risk group, more than half of the recurrences (55.2% [16 of 29]) were seen within the first 3 postoperative years, whereas all recurrences but one were recorded within 6 years after surgery. Recurrence occurred quite evenly over 10 postoperative years in the low-risk group. A 6-year active surveillance should be considered in high-risk patients regardless of adjuvant therapy. For low-risk patients, annual follow-up may be sufficient. Studies examining postoperative adjuvant therapies would be plausible in high-risk patients.