Experiencing winter for spring flowering: A molecular epigenetic perspective on vernalization

Many over‐wintering plants, through vernalization, overcome a block to flowering and thus acquire competence to flower in the following spring after experiencing prolonged cold exposure or winter cold. The vernalization pathways in different angiosperm lineages appear to have convergently evolved to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of integrative plant biology 2020-01, Vol.62 (1), p.104-117
Main Authors: Luo, Xiao, He, Yuehui
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arabidopsis
Biological evolution
Brassicaceae
chromatin modification
Climate
Divergence
epigenetic reprogramming
Epigenetics
Flowering
FLOWERING LOCUS C
flowering time
Gene expression
Overwintering
Plant growth
Plants (botany)
Pooideae
Spring
Vernalization
wheat
Winter
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Summary:Many over‐wintering plants, through vernalization, overcome a block to flowering and thus acquire competence to flower in the following spring after experiencing prolonged cold exposure or winter cold. The vernalization pathways in different angiosperm lineages appear to have convergently evolved to adapt to temperate climates. Molecular and epigenetic mechanisms for vernalization regulation have been well studied in the crucifer model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we review recent progresses on the vernalization pathway in Arabidopsis. In addition, we summarize current molecular and genetic understandings of vernalization regulation in temperate grasses including wheat and Brachypodium, two monocots from Pooideae, followed by a brief discussion on divergence of the vernalization pathways between Brassicaceae and Pooideae. Many over‐wintering plants in temperate climates overcome a block to flowering after experiencing prolonged cold exposure in winter, through a process termed as vernalization. This enables plants to flower in the following spring. Here, we summarized genetic, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms underlying vernalization responses in crucifers and temperate grasses.
ISSN:1672-9072
1744-7909
DOI:10.1111/jipb.12896