Rhythm monitoring strategies in patients at high risk for atrial fibrillation and stroke: A comparative analysis from the REVEAL AF study

• Published in: The American heart journal 2020-01, Vol.219, p.128-136
• Main Authors: Reiffel, James A., Verma, Atul, Kowey, Peter R., Halperin, Jonathan L., Gersh, Bernard J., Elkind, Mitchell S.V., Ziegler, Paul D., Kaplon, Rachelle E., Sherfesee, Lou, Wachter, Rolf
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Atrial Fibrillation - complications; Atrial Fibrillation - diagnosis; Atrial Fibrillation - epidemiology; Cardiac arrhythmia; Cardiovascular disease; Comparative analysis; Computer simulation; Confidence Intervals; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory - methods; Evaluation; Female; Fibrillation; Humans; Incidence; Male; Monitoring; Patient compliance; Patient Compliance - statistics & numerical data; Prophylaxis; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Simulation; Stroke; Stroke - etiology; Stroke - prevention & control; Studies; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0002-8703; 1097-6744
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.07.016

Reducing atrial fibrillation (AF)-related stroke requires timely AF diagnosis, but the optimal monitoring strategy is unknown. We used insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) data from the REVEAL AF study to compare AF detection rates by various short-term continuous monitoring (STM) strategies. Patients without known AF, but with CHADS2 scores ≥3 (or = 2 with ≥1 additional AF risk factor) received an ICM for AF detection. One-time STM strategies were assessed by computing AF incidence at 1, 2, 7, 14, and 30 days post-ICM insertion. Repeated STM strategies (quarterly 24-hour, 48-hour, 7-day, or monthly 24-hour monitoring) were modeled by randomly selecting day(s) within a 30-day window around each nominal evaluation date over a 1-year period (simulated 10,000 times). Endpoints included AF ≥6 minutes, AF ≥1 hour, and daily AF burden ≥1 and ≥ 5.5 hours. The impact of compliance on AF detection was evaluated using daily compliance rates of 85%, 75%, 65% and 55% during follow-up months 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, and 9-12, respectively. Based on data from 385 patients (71.5 ± 9.9 years; CHADS2 score 3.0 ± 1.0) the incidence of AF ≥6 minutes via ICM at 12 months was 27.1% (95% CI, 22.5-31.5%). This exceeded the range of estimated rates from all modeled one-time and repeated STM strategies (0.8% for 24-hour Holter monitoring to 10.6% for quarterly 7-day monitoring). Findings were similar for all AF endpoints. Modeled non-compliance reduced AF detection by 4.5% to 22.9%. Most AF episodes detected via ICMs would go undetected via conventional STM strategies, thus preventing optimal prophylaxis for adverse consequences.