Evolution of new proteins from translated sORFs in long non-coding RNAs

High throughput RNA sequencing techniques have revealed that a large fraction of the genome is transcribed into long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Unlike canonical protein-coding genes, lncRNAs do not contain long open reading frames (ORFs) and tend to be poorly conserved across species. However, many...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Experimental cell research 2020-06, Vol.391 (1), p.111940-111940, Article 111940
Main Authors: Ruiz-Orera, Jorge, Villanueva-Cañas, José Luis, Albà, M. Mar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Brain - metabolism
de novo gene
Evolution, Molecular
Genome
Humans
Liver - metabolism
Long non-coding RNA
Male
Molecular Sequence Annotation
Myocardium - metabolism
Open Reading Frames
Organ Specificity
Protein Biosynthesis
Ribosome profiling
Ribosomes - classification
Ribosomes - genetics
Ribosomes - metabolism
RNA, Long Noncoding - classification
RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics
RNA, Long Noncoding - metabolism
sORF
Testis - metabolism
Transcription, Genetic
Transcriptomics
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Summary:High throughput RNA sequencing techniques have revealed that a large fraction of the genome is transcribed into long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Unlike canonical protein-coding genes, lncRNAs do not contain long open reading frames (ORFs) and tend to be poorly conserved across species. However, many of them contain small ORFs (sORFs) that exhibit translation signatures according to ribosome profiling or proteomics data. These sORFs are a source of putative novel proteins; some of them may confer a selective advantage and be maintained over time, a process known as de novo gene birth. Here we review the mechanisms by which randomly occurring sORFs in lncRNAs can become new functional proteins.
ISSN:0014-4827
1090-2422
DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111940