Virulence Genes Analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Anti-vibrio Activity of the Citrus Extracts

• Published in: Current microbiology 2020-08, Vol.77 (8), p.1390-1398
• Main Authors: Singhapol, Chatchawan, Tinrat, Sirikhwan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alkaloids; Animal diseases; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibiotics; Bacteria; Bioactive compounds; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biotechnology; Citrus - chemistry; Citrus aurantifolia; Citrus hystrix; Dilution; Disease; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Epidemics; Flavonoids; Fruits; Gastroenteritis; Genes; Life Sciences; Marine animals; Marine organisms; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiology; Mortality; Norfloxacin; Pathogenicity; Pathogens; Penaeidae - microbiology; Phytochemicals; Plant extracts; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Saponins; Shellfish; Steroid hormones; Steroids; Tannins; Thailand; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio parahaemolyticus - drug effects; Vibrio parahaemolyticus - genetics; Vibrio parahaemolyticus - pathogenicity; Virulence; Virulence Factors - genetics; Waterborne diseases
• ISSN: 0343-8651; 1432-0991
• DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01941-4

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) is a marine bacterium that opportunistically caused foodborne gastroenteritis in human and some diseases in marine animals. The isolated strain of V. parahaemolyticus WS001 from Samut Sakhon, Thailand has a presence of ldh (~ 450 bp) tox A (~ 333 bp) and tox B (~ 1269 bp) genes which showed pathogenicity in shrimp. This strain is suspected as low pathogenicity in human due to the lack of tdh and trh genes for encoding thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), respectively. The shrimp pathogenic strain was tested and revealed the multi-antibiotic resistances but was susceptible to norfloxacin (10 μg/ml). Citrus peel extracts were examined because they are rich in bioactive compounds such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and alkaloids that are effective in anti-VP activities. The ethanolic peel extracts of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle and Citrus hystrix DC. were found to be more anti-VP effect than other solvent extracts by Agar disc diffusion method at an optimum concentration of 50 mg/ml and Broth micro-dilution method (MICs of 50–100 mg/ml and MBCs of 100–200 mg/ml). Thus, C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle peel extract was a distinctive candidate for the development of alternative natural agent to control the spreading of diseases in shrimp.