Management of multiloculated hydrocephalus in children with emphasis on role of CT ventriculography

• Published in: Child's nervous system 2020-11, Vol.36 (11), p.2741-2748
• Main Authors: Vankipuram, Siddharth, Srivastava, Chhitij, Ojha, B. K, Chandra, Anil, Singh, Sunil K., Jaiswal, Somil, Jaiswal, Manish
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Neurosciences; Neurosurgery; Original Article
• ISSN: 0256-7040; 1433-0350
• DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04572-z

Objective The authors performed a retrospective review of children diagnosed with multiloculated hydrocephalus (MLH) in our institute. The goal was to analyze the different diagnostic and therapeutic modalities used with special emphasis on CT ventriculography (CTV). Methods Male and female patients below the age of 18 years diagnosed with MLH were included. Cases of uniloculated hydrocephalus like entrapped temporal horn or isolated fourth ventricle were excluded. We used iohexol for CTV and gadodiamide for MR ventriculography. Neuroendoscopic procedures performed were endoscopic fenestration, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), endoscopic septostomy, endoscopic aqueductoplasty, or a combination of the above. The cohort was divided into two groups (endoscopic or shunt) based on initial surgical intervention. Results A total of 52 patients were included, with 43 boys and 9 girls. The average age of presentation was 7.7 months. The most common predisposing factor for MLH was neonatal meningitis seen in 30 patients. Mean duration of follow-up was 39 months. CTV was used in 26 patients and MR ventriculography in three patients. In one patient, the diagnosis of MLH was ruled out after ventriculography. Patients who underwent ETV only had the best outcome with 71.4% success rate. At the end of follow-up, 14 patients (27%) were shunt independent. Conclusions The present study indicates that CTV helps to accurately define the anatomy of the ventricles and determine the site of physiological CSF obstruction. This helps in therapeutic planning and in avoiding misdiagnoses. Further, neuroendoscopy has the potential to lead to shunt independence in some patients.