Enantioanalysis of glutamine—a key factor in establishing the metabolomics process in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Early detection will facilitate early treatment and full recovery of the patients. Metabolomics facilitated the detection of few amino acids able to be used as biomarkers. It was always assumed that the l -enantiomer of the chiral ami...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2020-05, Vol.412 (13), p.3199-3207
Main Authors: Stefan-van Staden, Raluca-Ioana, Ilie-Mihai, Ruxandra-Maria, Magerusan, Lidia, Coros, Maria, Pruneanu, Stela
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Analytical Chemistry
Biochemistry
Biomarkers
Cancer
Care and treatment
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Cyclodextrins
Early Detection of Cancer
Enantiomers
Food Science
Gastric cancer
Glutamine
Glutamine - metabolism
Graphene
Graphite
Humans
Immobilization
Laboratory Medicine
Metabolomics
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
Protoporphyrin
Protoporphyrin IX
Research Paper
Sensors
Stereoisomerism
Stochasticity
Stomach cancer
Stomach Neoplasms - diagnosis
Stomach Neoplasms - metabolism
Twisting
β-Cyclodextrin
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Summary:Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Early detection will facilitate early treatment and full recovery of the patients. Metabolomics facilitated the detection of few amino acids able to be used as biomarkers. It was always assumed that the l -enantiomer of the chiral amino acid is part of the process, forgetting the twisting of DNA molecules which may also produce the d -enantiomer of the amino acid. Therefore, an enantioanalysis of amino acids such as glutamine which are part of the gastric cancer metabolomics is absolutely necessary. Four stochastic sensors based on immobilization of protoporphyrin IX, β-cyclodextrin, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl on graphene materials were proposed for the enantioanalysis of glutamine in whole blood samples of patients with gastric cancer. Different signatures were obtained for the enantiomers for each stochastic sensor, making possible the enantioanalysis of glutamine in large concentration ranges—from fmol/L to mmol/L; these ranges facilitating the enantioanalysis of glutamine in healthy patients as well as in patients were found in early and later stages of gastric cancer. Graphical abstract
ISSN:1618-2642
1618-2650
DOI:10.1007/s00216-020-02575-y