Differential Responses of White Adipose Tissue and Brown Adipose Tissue to Calorie Restriction During Aging

Abstract Age-related adipose tissue dysfunction is potentially important in the development of insulin resistance and metabolic disorder. Caloric restriction (CR) is a robust intervention to reduce adiposity, improve metabolic health, and extend healthy life span. Both white adipose tissue (WAT) and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2021-03, Vol.76 (3), p.393-399
Main Authors: Sheng, Yunlu, Xia, Fan, Chen, Lei, Lv, Yifan, Lv, Shan, Yu, Jing, Liu, Juan, Ding, Guoxian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose tissue
Adipose tissue (brown)
Aging
Body fat
Dietary restrictions
Energy balance
Enlargement
Experiments
Homeostasis
Insulin
Insulin resistance
Life span
Metabolic disorders
Nutrient deficiency
Nutrition
Rodents
Tissues
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Summary:Abstract Age-related adipose tissue dysfunction is potentially important in the development of insulin resistance and metabolic disorder. Caloric restriction (CR) is a robust intervention to reduce adiposity, improve metabolic health, and extend healthy life span. Both white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are involved in energy homeostasis. CR triggers the beiging of WAT in young mice; however, the effects of CR on beiging of WAT and function of BAT during aging are unclear. This study aimed to investigate how age and CR impact the beiging of WAT, the function of BAT, and metabolic health in mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed CR diet (40% less than the ad libitum [AL] diet) for 3 months initiated in young (3 months), middle-aged (12 months), and old (19 months) stage. We found age-related changes in different types of adipose tissue, including adipocyte enlargement, declined beiging of WAT, and declined thermogenic and β-oxidational function of BAT. Moreover, CR attenuated age-associated adipocyte enlargement and prevented the age-related decline in beiging potential of WAT. These protective effects on the beiging potential were significant in inguinal WAT at all three ages, which were significant in epididymal WAT at young and old age. In contrast, thermogenic and β-oxidational function of BAT further declined after CR in the young age group. In conclusion, our findings reveal the contribution of WAT beiging decline to age-related metabolic disorder and suggest nutritional intervention, specifically targeting WAT beiging, as an effective approach to metabolic health during aging.
ISSN:1079-5006
1758-535X
DOI:10.1093/gerona/glaa070