Autophagy regulation by microRNAs: Novel insights into osteosarcoma therapy

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a kind of primary bone cancer that is considered as the leading cause of children death. Surgery and chemotherapy are considered as common treatment approaches for OS; the rate of survival for patients is almost 60–70%. Besides the used therapeutic approaches, it seems that ther...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IUBMB life 2020-07, Vol.72 (7), p.1306-1321
Main Authors: Jamali, Zeinab, Taheri‐Anganeh, Mortaza, Shabaninejad, Zahra, Keshavarzi, Abdolkhalegh, Taghizadeh, Hajar, Razavi, Zahra Sadat, Mottaghi, Reza, Abolhassan, Mohammadreza, Movahedpour, Ahmad, Mirzaei, Hamed
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apoptosis
Autophagy
Bone cancer
Cell proliferation
Cell survival
Chemotherapy
Diagnosis
microRNA
MicroRNAs
miRNA
Organelles
Osteosarcoma
Phagocytosis
Post-transcription
Surgery
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Summary:Osteosarcoma (OS) is a kind of primary bone cancer that is considered as the leading cause of children death. Surgery and chemotherapy are considered as common treatment approaches for OS; the rate of survival for patients is almost 60–70%. Besides the used therapeutic approaches, it seems that there is a crucial need to launch new treatments for OS. In this regard, more understanding about cellular and molecular pathways involved in OS can contribute to recovery and develop new therapeutic platforms. Autophagy is a cellular machinery that digests and degrades dysfunctional proteins and organelles, so it can regulate the cell proliferation and survival. Most of the time, OS cells use autophagy to increase their survival and proliferation and to gain the ability to resist chemotherapy. Although, there are several controversial evidences on how OS cells use autophagy. A variety of cellular and molecular pathways, that is, microRNAs (miRNAs) can modulate autophagy. MiRNAs are some endogenous, approximately 22 nucleotide RNAs that have an important role in posttranscriptional regulation of mRNAs by targeting them. There are many evidences that the various miRNA expressions in OS cells are dysregulated, so it can propel a normal cell to cancerous one by influencing the cell survival, apoptosis, and autophagy, and eventually increased chemoresitance. Hence, miRNAs can be considered as new biomarkers for OS diagnosis, and according to the role of autophagy in OS progression, miRNAs can use inhibiting or promoting autophagy agents. The present review summarizes the effects of aberrant expression of miRNAs in OS diagnosis and treatment with focus on their roles in autophagy.
ISSN:1521-6543
1521-6551
DOI:10.1002/iub.2277