Rotavirus and autoimmunity

•Rotavirus is proposed as a viral trigger for several autoimmune processes.•Molecular mimicry represents the traditional assumption behind this association.•Bystander activation is the new mechanism proposed for the autoimmune triggering.•Rotavirus vaccines are showing a positive impact preventing a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infection 2020-08, Vol.81 (2), p.183-189
Main Authors: Gómez-Rial, J., Rivero-Calle, I., Salas, A., Martinón-Torres, F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autoimmunity
Celiac Disease
Child
Diarrhea - epidemiology
Humans
Rotavirus
Rotavirus - genetics
Rotavirus Infections - epidemiology
Rotavirus Vaccines
Type 1 Diabetes
Vaccines
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Summary:•Rotavirus is proposed as a viral trigger for several autoimmune processes.•Molecular mimicry represents the traditional assumption behind this association.•Bystander activation is the new mechanism proposed for the autoimmune triggering.•Rotavirus vaccines are showing a positive impact preventing autoimmune processes. Rotavirus, a major etiological agent of acute diarrhea in children worldwide, has historically been linked to autoimmunity. In the last few years, several physiopathological approaches have been proposed to explain the leading mechanism triggering autoimmunity, from the old concept of molecular mimicry to the emerging theory of bystander activation and break of tolerance. Epidemiological and immunological data indicate a strong link between rotavirus infection and two of the autoimmune pathologies with the highest incidence: celiac disease and diabetes. The role for current oral rotavirus vaccines is now being elucidated, with a so far positive protective association demonstrated.
ISSN:0163-4453
1532-2742
DOI:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.041