Intestinal microbiota transplantation reveals the role of microbiota in dietary regulation of RegIIIβ and RegIIIγ expression in mouse intestine

• Published in: Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2020-08, Vol.529 (1), p.64-69
• Main Authors: Udomsopagit, Teranart, Miwa, Akiho, Seki, Manami, Shimbori, Emiko, Kadota, Yoshihiro, Tochio, Takumi, Sonoyama, Kei
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 1-Kestose; Animals; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; High-fat diet; Ileum - metabolism; Interleukin-22; Interleukins - genetics; Interleukins - metabolism; Intestinal microbiota; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins - blood; Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins - genetics; RegIIIβ; RegIIIγ; RNA, Messenger - genetics; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; Trisaccharides - administration & dosage
• ISSN: 0006-291X; 1090-2104
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.150

RegIIIβ and RegIIIγ are antimicrobial peptides expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. Expression of these peptides is reportedly decreased by high-fat diet (HFD) and increased by indigestible oligosaccharides in mice. Clearly, these dietary regimens change the structure of intestinal microbiota. We employed an intestinal microbiota transplantation (IMT) to test whether diet-induced changes in the expression of these peptides are mediated by gut microbiota. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a normal-fat diet (NFD), a HFD, or a NFD supplemented with or without 1-kestose (KES), an indigestible oligosaccharide. Ileal RegIIIβ and RegIIIγ mRNA levels were lower in mice receiving IMT from HFD-fed mice than in those receiving NFD-fed mice and higher in mice receiving IMT from KES-supplemented mice than in those receiving the mice without KES supplementation. Western blot analysis showed that serum RegIIIβ levels changed in parallel with the ileal mRNA levels. We propose that HFD- and KES-induced changes in the ileal RegIIIβ and RegIIIγ expression and in the circulating RegIIIβ levels are mediated, at least in part, by intestinal microbiota. •How diet affects intestinal expression of antimicrobial RegIII peptides is unclear.•Mice receiving microbiota transplantation reproduced diet-induced changes.•Previously known regulator IL-22 is not involved in the diet-induced changes.•We propose that diet-induced changes are mediated by intestinal microbiota.