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Cell-based assays for the detection of MOG antibodies: a comparative study
Background The detection of antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is fundamental for the identification of MOG antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD), and the differential diagnosis of acquired demyelinating syndromes of the CNS, among which multiple sclerosis (MS). We compared the...
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Published in: | Journal of neurology 2020-12, Vol.267 (12), p.3555-3564 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Background
The detection of antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is fundamental for the identification of MOG antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD), and the differential diagnosis of acquired demyelinating syndromes of the CNS, among which multiple sclerosis (MS). We compared the diagnostic performance of four cell-based assays (CBAs) for their detection.
Methods
Consecutive sera from 204 patients with ‘possible MOGAD’ (55), MS (112), and other neurological disorders (OND, 37) were tested for MOG-IgG with a live-CBA with anti-heavy-and-light chain secondary-antibody (LCBA-IgG
H+L
), and a live-CBA for IgG
1
(LCBA-IgG
1
). A subgroup of 71 patients was additionally tested with a live-CBA with anti-Fcγ secondary-antibody (LCBA-IgG
Fcγ
), and a commercial fixed-CBA with anti-Fcγ secondary-antibody (FCBA-IgG
Fcγ
)
.
Results
Fifty-seven/204 patients (27.9%) were MOG-IgG-positive. Sensitivity was 89.1% (CI:77.8–95.9) and specificity 93.3% (CI:88.0–96.7) for LCBA-IgG
H+L
, and 74.6% (CI:61.0–85.3) and 100% (CI:97.6–100) for LCBA-IgG
1
. Eighteen of 57 (31%) samples showed discrepant results (all negative on LCBA-IgG
1
); of these, three with ‘possible MOGAD’ showed high-titer MOG-IgG (≥ 1:640), and positivity for MOG-IgG
2
, whereas 15/18 had low-titer MOG-IgG (1:160/1:320) and mixed diagnoses (5 ‘possible MOGAD’, 6 MS, 4 OND). In the subgroup analysis, sensitivity was 92.3% (CI:79.1–98.4) and specificity 97.0% (CI:83.8–99.9) for LCBA-IgG
Fcγ
, and 87.2% (CI:72.6–95.7) and 97.0% (CI:83.8–99.9) for FCBA-IgG
Fcγ
.
Conclusions
LCBA-IgG
1
showed the highest specificity but can miss MOG-IgG
2
reactivities, whose meaning warrants further investigations. Titration of samples tested with LCBA-IgG
H+L
/ IgG
Fcγ
is important for meaningful interpretation of the results. In the subgroup analysis, LCBA-IgG
Fcγ
yielded the highest accuracy, and FCBA-IgG
Fcγ
good specificity, but it was at risk of false-negative results. |
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ISSN: | 0340-5354 1432-1459 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s00415-020-10024-0 |