NODDI in clinical research

• Published in: Journal of neuroscience methods 2020-12, Vol.346, p.108908-108908, Article 108908
• Main Authors: Kamiya, Kouhei, Hori, Masaaki, Aoki, Shigeki
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biomarker; Diffusion MRI; Microstructure; Modeling; Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI)
• ISSN: 0165-0270; 1872-678X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108908

•We summarized rationale to apply NODDI for clinical research.•We surveyed applications of NODDI in the studies of diseases and aging/development.•Most studies reported promising results for improving patient stratification.•Validating model assumptions are the Achilles’s heel of model-based approaches.•Substantial work remains before microstructure imaging to become a clinical tool. Diffusion MRI (dMRI) has proven to be a useful imaging approach for both clinical diagnosis and research investigating the microstructures of nervous tissues, and it has helped us to better understand the neurophysiological mechanisms of many diseases. Though diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has long been the default tool to analyze dMRI data in clinical research, acquisition with stronger diffusion weightings beyond the DTI regimen is now possible with modern clinical scanners, potentially enabling even more detailed characterization of tissue microstructures. To take advantage of such data, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) has been proposed as a way to relate the dMRI signal to tissue features via biophysically inspired modeling. The number of reports demonstrating the potential clinical utility of NODDI is rapidly increasing. At the same time, the pitfalls and limitations of NODDI, and general challenges in microstructure modeling, are becoming increasingly recognized by clinicians. dMRI microstructure modeling is a rapidly evolving field with great promise, where people from different scientific backgrounds, such as physics, medicine, biology, neuroscience, and statistics, are collaborating to build novel tools that contribute to improving human healthcare. Here, we review the applications of NODDI in clinical research and discuss future perspectives for investigations toward the implementation of dMRI microstructure imaging in clinical practice.