An exploratory investigation of the impact of ‘fast’ and ‘feed’ days during intermittent energy restriction on free-living energy balance behaviours and subjective states in women with overweight/obesity

Background/objectives This controlled-feeding randomised controlled trial examined free-living appetite and physical activity (PA) on ‘fast’ and ‘feed’ days during intermittent energy restriction (IER), compared to continuous energy restriction (CER). Subjects/methods Forty-six women with overweight...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of clinical nutrition 2021-03, Vol.75 (3), p.430-437
Main Authors: Beaulieu, Kristine, Casanova, Nuno, Oustric, Pauline, Hopkins, Mark, Varady, Krista, Finlayson, Graham, Gibbons, Catherine
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
692/700/2814
692/700/2817
Appetite
Body weight
Body weight loss
Clinical Nutrition
Confidence intervals
Demographic aspects
Energy
Energy balance
Energy intake
Energy requirements
Epidemiology
Evaluation
Fasting
Feeds
Food
Food intake
Health aspects
Hunger
Internal Medicine
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Methods
Obesity
Overweight
Physical activity
Physiological aspects
Public Health
Weight control
Weight loss
Women
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Summary:Background/objectives This controlled-feeding randomised controlled trial examined free-living appetite and physical activity (PA) on ‘fast’ and ‘feed’ days during intermittent energy restriction (IER), compared to continuous energy restriction (CER). Subjects/methods Forty-six women with overweight/obesity (age = 35 ± 10 years, BMI = 29.1 ± 2.3 kg/m 2 ) were randomised to IER ( n  = 24; alternate fast days at 25% energy requirements and ad libitum feed days) or CER ( n  = 22; 75% energy requirements daily) to ≥5% weight loss (WL) or up to 12 weeks. Self-reported energy intake (EI; online food record), objectively measured PA (SenseWear Armband) and retrospective daily hunger and food cravings were measured over 7 days at baseline, week 2 and final week. Intent-to-treat analyses were performed using linear mixed models. Results Final WL (M Δ  = 4.7 [95% confidence interval 4.2, 5.2] kg, 5.9%) did not differ between IER and CER (interaction P  = 0.307). During IER, feed-day EI did not differ from baseline and was lower in the final week compared to week 2 (M Δ  = 295 [81, 509] kcal, P  = 0.004). Daily hunger was greater on fast compared to feed days (M Δ  = 15 [10, 21] mm, P  
ISSN:0954-3007
1476-5640
DOI:10.1038/s41430-020-00740-1