Utility of a Fluid Library with Samples of Humans, Reservoirs and Vectors Collected in Filter Paper, for Retrospective Diagnosis of American Trypanosomiasis in Endemic Areas of Venezuela

• Published in: Acta parasitologica 2021-03, Vol.66 (1), p.287-293
• Main Authors: López, Mariela, Herrera, Leidi, Morocoima, Antonio, Rivera, María Gabriela, Viettri, Mercedes, Lares, María, Ferrer, Elizabeth
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography; Animals; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Chagas disease; Children; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Diagnosis; Didelphis marsupialis; DNA; Ecology; Epidemiology; Equus asinus; Felis catus; Filter paper; Libraries; Medical Microbiology; Microbiology; Parasitology; Polymerase chain reaction; Protozoa; Short Communication; Trypanosomiasis; Vector-borne diseases; Vectors; Young adults
• ISSN: 1230-2821; 1896-1851
• DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00281-4

Introduction We define a fluid library as a library of samples of different biological fluids (from humans, animals or vectors) collected and properly stored on filter paper, which allows retrospective studies, especially of diagnosis or detection of infectious agents in these samples, using different techniques. The objective of this work was the retrospective diagnosis of American trypanosomiasis by PCR in a Venezuelan endemic area using a fluid library. Methods A fluid library with samples that had been collected on filter paper, 5 years ago, was used for the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA. 165 blood samples of humans, 30 samples of 25 animals ( Didelphis marsupialis , Canis familiaris , Equus asinus and Felis catus ) and 8 samples of vectors from endemic areas of Anzoátegui state, were analysed by PCR. Results The results revealed that 16.4% of the humans samples were positive, 11.1% of those detected positive were children younger than 10 years old, and 26.72% young people aged 11–20 years, suggesting that T. cruzi infection has been active for the past two decades. 56% of the animal samples showed amplification; Didelphis marsupialis 66%, Canis familiaris 54.5%, Equus asinus 50%, and Felis catus 33.3%. On the other hand, positivity (50%) was detected in the studied vectors, of which the 3 most important species in Venezuela ( Rhodnius prolixus , Triatoma maculata and Panstrongylus geniculatus ) were involved. Conclusions The PCR using a fluid library allowed the detection of T. cruzi DNA in old samples from the three host of the epidemiological chain, suggesting that retrospective diagnosis can be made through this strategy and demonstrate that there has been active transmission, which helps to clarify the epidemiological situation in areas where there are no previous reports.